Is the war on terror Free Essays

The delight in comparing the historical accuracy of Arthur Miller’s play to the real events of the Salem Witch Trials and the Red Scare of the 1940s and 1950s comes from both the time at which the play was published and the historical parallels between the two times in American history. Furthermore, the play holds value as an attempt to explain unexplainable behavior and to teach lessons from the history in the hopes that they will not be repeated. It is a sad lament that the lesson remains unlearned and fifty years later we are faced with another American witch trial, this time under the name â€Å"War on Terror. We will write a custom essay sample on Is the war on terror or any similar topic only for you Order Now † In short summation, â€Å"The Crucible† is a play ostensibly about the Salem Witch trials. In it, a preacher’s daughter falls ill after dancing in the woods with a slave and some of the other village teen agers. Her father calls in assistance from more world church investigators to find the root of the witchcraft that has left his daughter ill. After he threatens to whip the slave to death, she confesses to witchcraft and seeks to take blame away from herself by pointing the finger at other Salem citizens. Eventually, the finger is pointed at a married woman, Elizabeth Proctor, by her former maid Abigail who had been having an affair with the woman’s husband John. Her accusations are at first doubted because John admits to the affair and shows that Abigail is attempting to tarnish his wife’s reputation or indeed mess up his life, but Elizabeth, thinking she is protecting her husband, refuses to admit to knowing about the affair. She is eventually found guilty of witchcraft and spared the gallows because she is pregnant, but in the same misguided desire to spare herself more torment, accuses under questioning that her husband is also a witch. At the end of the play, John Proctor is being led to the gallows for his crime. Is any of this real? Yes. Elizabeth Proctor was given a stay of execution because she was pregnant and most of her family was executed during the Salem Witch Trials (Burns, 1). The pastor’s slave, a Caribbean Indian woman named Tituba was among the first accused and pointed the finger at her owner’s daughter and others in the community, but there is no historical evidence that John Proctor had an affair and the real Abigail was an 11 year old girl at the time of the trials (Burns, 1). So why did Arthur Miller chose to make it all up? Possibly to give reason to the unreasonable. Though the witch hunts in Salem lasted a relatively short period of time, they left an indelible mark on American history, a time when man turned against his wife and children and neighbors to avoid being killed. Miller, a victim of Joseph McCarthy’s â€Å"Red Scare’, understood the premise all too well. The origins of the Red scare are much easier to trace than the origin of the Salem Witch Hunts, but Miller clearly could see the parallels between the two. In a speech in Wheeling, West Virginia, in February, 1950, McCarthy made clear where his venom and hatred came from. â€Å"Five years after a world war has been won, men’s hearts should anticipate a long peace—and men’s minds should be free from the heavy weight that comes with war. But this is not such a period—for this is not a period of peace. This is a time of â€Å"the cold war.† This is a time when all the world is split into two vast, increasingly hostile armed camps—a time of a great armament race. â€Å"(â€Å"Enemies from Within†, 1). There is a term used in sociology to reflect the behavior, called identifying the â€Å"other†. The other is a person unlike ourselves who has some characteristic that makes them a threat to society as we know it. In the witch trials, it was witches. During the Red Scare, it was Communists. Today, it is anyone who appears Arabic or studies Islam and can therefore be deemed likely to be a terrorist.   Not having learned the lessons of history or of literature, after September 11, 2001, Americans were terrified and they turned to a new witch hunt, this time with the witches semi-identifiable by race. Too bad that you can tell an Arab-American who has lived her forever, or an Afghani refugee, or simply a hard-working Middle Easterner who has never considered the way of Al Qaida just by looking at them. Instead, we demonize a race and lock people up in Cuba at Guantanamo Naval Base on the suspicion that they might have knowledge about someone or something that might want to hurt us. The Patriot Act makes it an offense just to know people who might be associated with terrorism and encourages people to rat out their friends, with the same kind of threats that the preacher used on his slave Tituba. But this is not the first witch hunt since McCarthyism and is probably not the last. In fact, in many ways, Miller may have contributed to one of his own in the writing of â€Å"The Crucible†. In 1950s northern America, Communists were the enemy, but in the South, it was the uppity African-American wanting rights that he had been granted but not given after the Civil War. By making Tituba a Negro slave and implying that she practiced some form of voodoo, Miller may have contributed to this anti-African-American attitude (Hansen, 3).   By the 1970s, the witch hunt was against the American military and specifically those who had served in Vietnam, in the 1980s Reagan-era; it was those darned Communists again. The 1990s brought on a witch hunt in the Catholic Church, where suddenly every priest was assumed to be a pedophile and in 2001, Al Qaida made themselves into the witches of the new millennia.   At Guantanamo Bay, McCarthy’s famous question, â€Å"Are you now, or have you ever been, a member of the Communist Party?† (Popkin, 139) has been revised. The quest now is to find the next threat to Americans and the next unidentified witch. Works Cited Burns, Margo. â€Å"Arthur Miller’s The Crucible: Fact Fiction (Or Picky, Picky, Picky†¦) October 24, 2003. http://www.17thc.us/docs/fact-fiction.shtml, November 17, 2007. McCarthy, Joseph R. â€Å"Enemies from Within†, February 9, 1950. http://historymatters.gmu.edu/d/6456, November 17, 2007. Popkin, Henry. â€Å"Arthur Miller’s ‘The Crucible’†.College English Vol. 26, No. 2 (Nov., 1964), pp. 139-146   Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/373665?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents, November 17, 2007. How to cite Is the war on terror, Essay examples

BT PLC and Vodafone PLC Telecommunication Companies - Sample Solution

Question: Choose two of the UKS Top three Telecoms companies from the list provided (Vodafone, BT Group BSKYB) and download the companies annual reports from the following links: BT Group PLC Vodafone PLC Produce the 2013, 2014 and 2015 ratio table for the companies you have chosen from the list above (Profitability, Liquidity and Efficiency ratios as performed in class.) Based on these ratios and any other additional information available from the annual reports, compile a report comparing the performance of the companies selected. Answer: Introduction BT PLC and Vodafone PLC both are telecommunication companies listed in FTSE 100 sector of mobile telecommunications. The former is the leader in the market and the other is having the scope to grow. Both have their own set of opportunities and threats. One is good in something and the other in something else. Vodafone after the demerger with Verizon was left with good amount of cash due to which its valuations is difficult, but with dividend factor it is solved. BT group has not merged or demerged itself but is into broadening the business in the new segments. Its earnings are backed by its huge amount of profits. It is already working in the sectors of phone, IT services and the broadband and also pay-tv. Comparison of performance of BT group plc and Vodafone group plc Financial ratios are used to assess how a company is performing. It is used to read and know the health of the enterprise. They are beneficial for all the users of the financial statements as it gives the information how well the company is doing. Other than these there are other factors which are used to calculate performance. BT PLC Debt - It is not uncommon for these companies to take loan for expansion of business, or covering the costs as the cost to build it is usually very high. The debt taken by this company is very high. The net debt shows decrease and also the interest coverage of this company is quite good. Dividend - The Company has shown increase of 469p in the last 12 months period which is merely a 6% increase. But, it can be seen that the dividends with this enterprise has been over 158% of increase, the shareholders are all in a goody position. The dividends have been of great amount for shareholders, which show the safe point of view for them. The increase is a result of long term hard work and determination. BT Group PLC The Increase in EPS is also an indicator of a good performance of the enterprise. With 31.5p in 2015 from 28.2 p in 2014 showing 12% increase is a good indicator. However, the value of shares increment is an indicator of the growth. It is to be noted, that the EPS for 2017. For year 2016 has fallen but it is expected that the growth is expected in the year to come, as the fall was temporary because of some right issues of the company. Profitability margins: Operating profit margin The ratio measure ho the company is able to cover its operating expenses and make profit. This ratio is increasing at a growth rate, showing that the company is easily meeting its operating expenses and is able to make profits. Net profit margin The ratio is increasing year on year thus making the way for much more profits left after deducting the operating and non operating expenses. This ratio is constant and the company is able to make appropriate use of its capital to generate the profits. Liquidity ratio Current ratio The standard ratio is assumed to be 2: 1. However, the ratio for the year 2015 is 0.96: 1, which is not a good ratio, as it not able to pay the short term liabilities instantly. Acid test ratio The acid test ratio is better than the current ratio, but then too, such amount is not enough to pay the short term liabilities. The ratio is not touching the standard ratio of 1: 1. Inventory turnover It shows the number of days in which an inventory is been sold efficiently. As per the ratios, the ratio was so good but in the last two years it has decreased. Asset turnover ratio This ratio is decreasing year on year basis. It means that the company is not using its assets properly. Receivable collection period It is the period in which the receivables takes to complete the payment procedure. The number of days is not very far. It is a good indicator that the goods sold are converted into cash easily. Trade collection period It is the period in which the outstanding liabilities are paid off. This period has increased at such a fast speed. It shows the incapability of the company to pay it short term debts. Vodafone Group Plc The debt for 2015 year is m 22, 435. and the interest coverage is at 1.62 times. The company does not have lower net debts to assets ratio as compared to BT group plc but it also dont have much funds as the profits are negative. The dividend given in 2015 year was 7.62p, whereas in 2014 it was 7.47p/ it has shown an increase in 2.0% increase on a year basis. The dividend is not much in value but it is showing a growth rate year on year basis. The dividends are not much covered by the earning of the company. It means that to pay dividends other sources of income is being used. EPS It has decreased from 2014 to 2015 from 223.84p to 21.75p, despite decrease in number of shares by the company through consolidation of 6 for 11 shares activated in 2014, February, there is no increase in the dividend. The condition of Vodafone is not too excelling in nature. Profitability ratios Operating profit margin The ratio is negative for the previous two years, but has shown positive results in 2015. It reflects the ability of the company that it is trying hard to cover up the expenses and make profits. Net profit margin has decreased significantly after the deduction of the operating expenses. It means that there are other indirect or non-operating expenses which are in large amount because of which even after meeting other expenses operating expenses, there is profit but the expenses are of great values. Return on capital employed was negative for previous last two years and only became positive in 2015. The company is not enough able to put its capital to use. Liquidity ratios Current assets ratio The ratio is fluctuating for the last three years. It also is not able to pay the current liabilities on a short notice. Acid test ratio This ratio has shown decrease in the last two years. It is either because of increase in current liabilities or decrease in the current assets. Efficiency ratio Inventory turnover This ratio has increased in the last three years. It shows that the products of this company are easily being sold. Assets turnover ratio It shows the efficiency of the company in using its assets to make sales or generate sales. The efficiency of the company has increased over the last few years. Receivable periods It is normal for all three years which shows the ability of the company in making a trip. Trade payable period This ratio too is appropriate as the company is at a constant rate to pay the trade payables for the year. Calculation of Ratios BT Group PLC Ratios Years 2013 2014 2015 Profitability Ratios Operating profit margin: 2,986 / 18,103 * 100 3,145 / 18,287 * 100 3,480 / 17,979 * 100 Operating income / Net sales * 100 16.49% 17.20% 19.35% Net profit margin: 1,948 / 18,103 * 100 2,018 / 18,287 * 100 2,135 / 17,979 * 100 Net profit / Total Revenue * 100 10.76% 11.04% 11.87% Return on capital employed: Net Operating profit / Employed capital * 100 2,986 / 17,275 * 100 3,145 / 17,211 * 100 3,480 / 19483 * 100 17.28% 18.27% 17.86% Liquidity ratios Current assets ratio: 4,674 / 7,604 5,706 / 7,687 7,471 / 7,708 Current Assets / current Liabilities 0.61 : 1 0.33 : 1 0.96 : 1 Acid test ratio: 4555 / 7604 4074 / 7687 5858 / 7708 Quick Assets / Current liabilities 0.59 : 1 0.53 0.76 Efficiency ratios Inventory turnover ratio Cost of goods sold / Average Inventory 12464 / 103.49 1550 / 92.48 1573 / 87.97 120.43 16.76 17.88 Receivable collection period 32.13 28.59 28.67 Trade payable period 90.61 667.83 647.39 Assets turnover ratio Net sales / Average total assets 18103 / 23820 18287 / 24862 17979 / 26044 0.76 0.74 0.69 Vodafone Group Plc Ratios Years 2013 2014 2015 Profitability Ratios Operating profit margin: (2202) / 38041 * 100 (3913) / 38346 * 100 1967 / 42227 * 100 Operating income / Net sales * 100 -5.788491365 -1.019663068 4.658157103 Net profit margin: 657 / 38041 * 100 59,420 / 38346 * 100 5917 / 42227 * 100 Net profit / Total Revenue * 100 1.727083936 154.9574923 14.01236176 Return on capital employed: (2202) / 109955 * 100 (3913) / 96801 * 100 1967 / 93676 * 100 Net Operating profit / Employed capital * 100 -2.00% -4.04% 2.09% Liquidity ratios Current assets ratio: 21649 / 28369 24722 / 25039 19847 /28897 Current Assets / current Liabilities 0.763121717 0.98733975 0.686818701 Acid test ratio: 17021 / 28369 20282/25039 16182/28897 Quick Assets / Current liabilities 0.6 0.81 0.56 Efficiency ratios Inventory turnover ratio Cost of goods sold / Average Inventory 26567 / 407 27942 / 445 30882 / 461 65.27518428 62.79101124 66.98915401 Receivable collection period 32.36 36.28 32.72 Trade payable period 52.97 59.03 57.7 Assets turnover ratio Net sales / Average total assets 38041/122713 38346 / 132227 42227 / 120648 0.31 0.29 0.35 Notes: The values taken are in m Revenue includes Gross revenue less Sales return. Operating income is derived from revenue less other operating expenses of the company. BT Group Plc 2013 = m 18,103 - m 15,155 = m 2,948 2014 = m 18,287 - m 15,142 = m 3,145 2015 = m 17,979 - m 14,499 = m 3,480 Vodafone group plc 2013 = m 38,041 - m 40,243 = (m 2,202) 2014 = m 38,346 - m 42,259 = (m 5,270) 2015 = m 42,227 - m 40,260 = m 1,967 Net Profit is Total Sales less all operating and non operating expenses and adding all direct income and indirect incomes to it. Employed capital = Total Assets Current liabilities BT Group PLC = 2013 = m 24,879 - m 7,604 = m17, 275 2014 = m24,898 - m 7,687 = m 17,211 2015 = m27,191 - m7,708 = m19,483 Vodafone Group Plc 2013 = m 138,324 - m 28,369 = m 109,995 2014 = m 121,840 - m 25,039 = m 96,801 2015 = m 122,573 - m 28,897 = m 93,676 Current Assets include all short term assets. Current liabilities include short term obligations. Quick Assets are Current Assets less Inventories and prepaid expenses. It is also calculate from adding cash and it equivalents, short term investments, short term receivables, short term marketable instruments. Cost of goods sold is the value of the costs incurred in making the product. It involves all the direct costs. Average Inventory is the opening and the closing inventory added together and divided by two. Receivable collection period and trade payable period is taken from financial ratios of the company. Average total assets are the total of total assets at the beginning and in the end of the financial period divided by two. The values for the ratios are picked from the Annual reports of the BT group PLC and Vodafone Group PLc for the years 2013, 2014 and 2015. Conclusion and Recommendation The BT group Plc is increasing the share prices, though not the dividend. It will result into more capital gain then. The profitability ratios are above average. The company is making enough profits to meet the operating or non-operating expenses. Talking about the liquidity ratios, the current asset ratio and acid test ratio are not in a good position. The standard ratio of current assets ratio is 2: 1 and 1: 1 for quick ratio. However for 2015, also the ratios are 0.96: 1 and 0.76: 1. The company is not having enough funds to pay the current liabilities on a short notice period. The efficiency ratio is also not in a good position. Only the inventory turnover ratio has got effective and changed for better. Now, the sales period of inventory is much earlier than before. Receivable period which is for receiving the debtors amount is constant and reflects the good position about the receipt of payment from debtors easily. Whereas, the trade payable period is approximately nearby two ye ars. It is because of fewer funds for payment of liabilities. The Vodafone groups shares are of less value than the BT plc and immediately sale is the good option in it. For this company the profitability ratios are not of good position. The operating profit is negative, because of which operating profit margin is also negative. It shows about how the company is not effectively able to cover all its expenses and also not able to use capital appropriately. The liquidity ratios are below the standard ratio because of less cash available and high expenses. Inventory turnover ratio is also quite good. The company doesnt take much time in selling its inventory. The receivable collection period and also the payable period are in a good position reflecting about the early receipt of payments from debtors and early payment to creditors. The asset turnover ratio is not of high value as the effective use of assets is not being done. The BT Group plc should focus on increasing he current assets and also cash, which will lead to faster payment to the trade payable. The Vodafone group plc should focus on reducing the operating and non-operating expenses in order to increase the profit and also to have control on the expenses. Additionally it should also focus on increasing the current assets. References Anon, 2016, BT Group plc, Accessed on 17th March 2016, Available at: https://financials.morningstar.com/income-statement/is.html?t=BTregion=usaculture=en-US Vodafone, 2014, Annual Report 2014, Accessed on 17th March 2016, Available at: https://www.vodafone.com/content/annualreport/annual_report14/downloads/full_annual_report_2014.pdf Vodafone, 2015, Annual report 2015, Accessed on 17th March 2015, Available at: https://www.vodafone.com/content/annualreport/annualreport15/assets/pdf/full_annual_report_2015.pdf Oscroft A, 2016, Which is best for 2016, Accessed on 17th 2016, Available at: https://www.fool.co.uk/investing/2016/02/18/which-is-best-for-2016-bt-group-plc-vodafone-group-plc-sky-plc-or-talktalk-telecom-group-plc/ Anon, 2016, Vodafone group plc, Accessed on 17th March 2016, Available at: https://financials.morningstar.com/ratios/r.html?t=VODregion=usaculture=en-US Sakya P, 2014, Vodafone or BT PLC, Accessed on 17th March 2016, Available at: https://www.fool.co.uk/investing/2014/10/23/vodafone-group-plc-vs-bt-group-plc-which-is-the-better-dividend-investment/ BT group plc, 2015, Annual return 2015, Accessed on 17th March 2016, Available at: https://www.btplc.com/Sharesandperformance/Annualreportandreview/pdf/2015_BT_Annual_Report.pdf BT group plc, 2014, Annual return 2014, Accessed on 17th March 2016, Available at: https://www.btplc.com/Sharesandperformance/Annualreportandreview/pdf/2014_BT_Annual_Report_smart.pdf BT group plc, 2013, Annual return 2013, Accessed on 17th March 2016, Available at: https://www.btplc.com/Sharesandperformance/Annualreportandreview/pdf/2013_BT_Annual_Report_smart.pdf

What Does the Research Say About How Parents Affect the Development of Children’s Personalities free essay sample

Understanding how individual personalities are shaped has yet to be fully uncovered, by modern research standards. What does the research say about how parents affect the development of children’s personalities? In answering this question, this paper addresses how much of a child’s personality is actually hard-wired by genetics and how much is influenced by parents, through bonding, attention and even neglect. The long-standing question of nature vs. urture has plagued scientists for centuries and current research is attempting to answer just how powerfully ones parents can affect ones future. In order, this paper concentrates on first the nurture aspect of personality development in children, followed by the argument for nature, to provide contrast. 4 relevant journal articles were sourced to provide adequate background on research and trends in psychological studies. As stated, let’s look first at how nurture determines a child’s personality through the evidence that parents are the cause of maladaptive behaviour. We will write a custom essay sample on What Does the Research Say About How Parents Affect the Development of Children’s Personalities? or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Hall and Geher (2003) state that â€Å"it has long been recognized that the infant-caregiver attachment is of immense importance† (as cited in Hall amp; Geher, 2003, p. 145). We know that the first year of a child’s life is essential to their development in later years. We see how crucial building secure attachments with the parents are to overall health, confidence and the growth of qualities such as empathy and motivation, as posed by Kagan (1999). Research has a lot to suggest about the effects of harsh discipline and lack of warmth from the parents. A lack of secure attachment, either through abuse, neglect or abandonment has been linked to everything from psychological abnormalities to developmental problems to violent behaviour, as introduced by Rogosch and Cicchetti (2004). These consequences can range from simply relatively disruptive such as the behaviour discussed by Brook, Brook amp; Whiteman (2000) as â€Å"the predictors of insecure and dependent behaviour include maternal child-rearing practices that hinder optimal emotional development in the child†. Studies have repeatedly shown that children admire and imitate their immediate caregivers: â€Å"By age 4 or 5 years, children believe, unconsciously, that some of the attributes of their parents are part of their own repertoire, even although this belief might have no objective basis† (as cited by Kagan, 1999, pg. 165). This can explain why children of college graduates are more inclined themselves to acquire a degree and why children of underclass families are vulnerable to shame when interacting with peers, Kagan (1999) explains. Because the positive effects of proper parenting and family structure are difficult to quantify (such as high intelligence, or more competence and confidence), according to Kagan (1999), there is less to say about the topic than the negative effects, which can be more easily identified through psychological testing and diagnosis of disorders such as RAD. Once behaviour or personality is established it is important to understand whether it is relatively stable across childhood and if the consequences of maltreatment are permanent. Longitudinal studies have been conducted which examine the consistency of a child’s personality and behaviour across a certain time-span. Rogosch amp; Cicchetti (2004) integrated a longitudinal study which found â€Å"overall, the correlations indicate considerable stability in the personality dimensions over time† (as cited in Rogosch amp; Cicchetti, 2004, pg. 136), in reference to the personality study they conducted. This suggests that once the â€Å"base† of a child’s character is created, age and experience do not alter significantly. However, evidence has been uncovered through adoption studies, explained by Kagan (1999), which has found that psychologically and emotionally impaired orphans given a loving home can actually â€Å"reverse† the effects of their harsh experiences and start life anew. Despite the success of these adopted children, further intelligence testing found they were not on par with the average child, a possible remnant of their psychological scarring. In reference to the persistence of RAD into adulthood, Hall amp; Geher (2003) state: â€Å"Many of them commit criminal acts as adults if the behavioral patterns of childhood persist into adulthood† (as cited in Hall amp; Geher, 2003, p. 145). However: â€Å"Further research regarding the antecedents, general effects, and long-term consequences of RAD is greatly needed† (as cited in Hall amp; Geher, 2003, p. 145). This means that though effects of insufficient bonds are found to be long-lasting and relatively stable across the span of childhood and adulthood, this is not to suggest that adaptive behaviours do not exist. The main issue in this argument is whether the development of personality lies completely with the parents or whether other factors, mainly biological ones, play a part in determining psychological and emotional health. It would make sense that children born with different personalities will behave differently, respond differently and take different paths in life. Therefore, it might be possible for a child born with a certain temperament to be more susceptible to problem behaviour. There is little research to determine whether children are predisposed to behaving a certain way, but the nature argument has been used for centuries s seen in Weiten amp; McCann (2007). So how much can temperament affect the forming of secure bonds and emotional attachment, things proven to contribute to healthy development? Can a child’s behaviour influence a parent’s response? Research done by Brook, Brook amp; Whiteman (2000) has found 4 different types of attachment patterns in toddlers, and 20% of children fall into the â€Å"high reactive† category in which they resist most motherly attention, and are shy and anxious, especially in unfamiliar settings or new people. Does this behaviour have an effect on how the mother reacts to the child? Does being a â€Å"high reactive† child predispose someone to being unable to form the secure attachment bonds essential to normal psychological development? Research has yet to conclude that being â€Å"high reactive† is a causative factor. Kagan (1999) introduced research that has also been conducted on ordinal position and its influence on the personalities of children. However, just because studies have shown that first-born children become valedictorians and are more likely to do better in school doesn’t mean all first-borns are hardwired to do so, or that second- and third-born children cannot achieve such things. Is the research done for child-attachment patterns accurate and reliable? Because many of the studies rely mainly on self-report and caregiver-report information. In research being done to support these claims, numerous studies have been done linking both positive and negative parenting practices to either especially adaptive or problematic behaviour. Among these are adoption research, child abuse research, animal research and child-attachment research, each of which is described and used by each of the 4 journal articles. Sufficient evidence has been found to show that parents are in fact the main contributing factor to a child’s growth and development. In the case of nature vs. nurture, it seems the evidence is on the side of nurture. It seems children’s personalities are contingent on whether their parents can exhibit warm, loving characteristics, are able to form secure attachment bonds, create a positive family environment for the child and abstain from maladaptive parenting practices such neglect and abuse.

Jeep Marketing Project essays

Jeep Marketing Project essays Executive summary and the history of jeep: The jeep has first appeared as a World War II military vehicle. The 4-wheel-drive jeep helped popularize a new era for sport utility vehicles. It is well known with fun and adventure and is one of the most widely recognized brands in the world. Although there is no definite knowledge of how the "Jeep" got its name, however, some theory claims that Jeep name came from G.P. for General Purpose vehicle, which is designed for army vehicle.(4 and 6) There are three classifications for jeep: Jeep Grand Cherokee, which is the new level of technological innovation. It has the new modification of Jeep Cherokee. It is one of the best four-wheel-drive cars that is designed for the best handling, and the finest refinement and style. Jeep Cherokee is the original four-wheel sport-utility vehicle. It has a top performance capability. Jeep Wrangler is the conqueror of both battlefield and off-highway adventures. The icon of the jeep brand. Wrangler is still the original 4WD fun and freedom machine. The new wrangler's wide appeal has much to do with its three models: The value leading SE, the mid-level Sport, and the well-equipped Sahara. Wrangler is still the heart and soul of the jeep brand. Wrangler continues its impressive sales history with 68,619 units sold in the 1995 model year. While its closest competitor held 29 percent (Geo Tracker) and 10 percent (Suzuki Sidekick) of the 1995 mini sport utility sales, Wrangler dominated the category by attracting 48 percent. With the functional and design improvements of the all-new model, sales should continue to be strong.( 2 and 3) also ( Refer to appendix 1 and 2). Company profile and Macroenvironment aspects: Daimler Chrysler, ranking the world's third automaker in sales. Chrysler Corporation combined with the German's Daimler-Benz in 1998. They agree to combine their businesses in a "merger of equal ...

Uses of the Past Participle

Uses of the Past Participle Uses of the Past Participle Uses of the Past Participle By Maeve Maddox Participle is a grammatical term I fling about quite often. A recent reader’s comment made me realize that not everyone is completely clear about what the word means. Instead of trying to cover both participles in one post, I’ll focus on the â€Å"past participle† in this one and save the â€Å"present participle† for another time. The word participle comes from Latin participium. The definition of the Latin term also applies to the English participle: â€Å"a non-finite part of a verb, having some characteristics of a verb and some of an adjective.† The past participle is one of five basic verb forms called the â€Å"principal parts of the verb.† All the tenses are constructed from these five verb forms: Infinitive: to write Simple Present: write Simple Past (preterite): wrote Past Participle: (has) written Present Participle: writing Only two of these principal parts can be used â€Å"as is† in a sentence: the simple present and the simple past. They are fully functional verbs because they show tense (time). Because their forms contain the idea of time, they are called â€Å"finite verbs.† The other three forms, including the past participle, do not show time. Verb forms that do not show time are called â€Å"non-finite verbs.† Because they cannot function as complete verbs in themselves, they are called verbals, â€Å"words related to verbs.† As a verbal, the past participle retains some functions of a verb while functioning as an adjective. In the following example, written is an adjective qualifying a noun phrase. At the same time, it is modified by prepositional phrases: Written in code between 1660 and 1669, the diary of Samuel Pepys was first published in 1825. The past participle of a regular verb is identical in form to the simple past: both end in -ed: Infinitive: to live Simple Present: live Simple Past (preterite): lived Past Participle: (has) lived Present Participle: living Here, drawn at random from one of the Cadfael novels by Ellis Peters, are some examples of the adjectival use of the past participle: FitzHamon’s marred face curdled into deeper purple. Even thus, frustrated like a mewed hawk, she had a graceful gait. Prior Heribert, shocked and dismayed, fell to prayer. Bewildered and confused by so sudden a reversal, the prior confided and obeyed like a child. He went out through the frozen garden to his herbarium. A common error with this use of the past participle is the â€Å"misplaced modifier.† For example: Stacked by the entrance to the stables, we made our delivery of hay bales. This type of error can be avoided by rewriting the sentence to place the word being described by the participle closer to it: We left our delivery of hay bales stacked by the entrance to the stables. Stacked by the entrance to the stables, the hay bales showed that we’d made the delivery. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Grammar category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Punctuating â€Å"So† at the Beginning of a SentenceItalicizing Foreign WordsGrammatical Case in English

My Lai Massacre Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

My Lai Massacre - Essay Example Beyond the leaping jade plates of the sea was an overhand of cliffs and the sight of a valley so large it contained sun, smoke, rain, and cloud—all at once—independent quantities of color. I had been unprepared for this beauty; it surprised and humbled me†¦.† But soldiers are but spikes in the giant military wheel. The â€Å"preamble† to the massacre reads thus, as described by the authors. â€Å"The order that was given was to kill everyone in the village. Someone asked if that meant women and children. And the order was: everyone in the village†¦.It was quite clear that no one was to be spared in that village†. One can see each syllable of this order was the harbinger of the impending massacre. A disciplined soldier had no other alternative but to obey the order and be a part of the massacre. I entirely agree with the observations and findings of the authors that what happened in My Lai was a blunder. Not a military action but the massacr e of the innocents. Majority of those killed were civilians, estimated some 400-500. Policymakers and anti-war movement activists were aware that they were being briefed with doses of fiction, as part of the cover-up operations. But the findings of the authors are on unassailable grounds and they have tendered 68 primary documents and have relied upon General Peer’s inquiry findings and they have chronicled the events systematically from the pre-operations details, the actual operation and the developments subsequent to the massacre.... One can see each syllable of this order was the harbinger of the impending massacre. A disciplined soldier had no other alternative but to obey the order and be a part of the massacre. I entirely agree with the observations and findings of the authors that what happened in My Lai was a blunder. Not a military action but massacre of the innocents. Majority of those killed were civilians, estimated some 400-500. The public, policymakers and anti-war movement activists were aware that they were being briefed with doses of fiction, as part of the cover-up operations. But the findings of the authors are on unassailable grounds and they have tendered 68 primary documents and have relied upon General Peer’s inquiry findings and they have chronicled the events systematically from the pre-operations details, the actual operation and the developments subsequent to the massacre. Black and white photos add further credential to the report. Without doubt, the soldiers were in an agitated s tate of mind, but that doesn’t provide one license to shoot at the defenseless men, women and children at will merely on the suspicion that they were Viet-Cong supporters. My Lai, is a hamlet, 335 miles northeast of Saigon, supposed to be a Viet-Cong dominated territory. The early morning action of about 70 infantrymen which resulted in the total destruction of the villagers, their residences and the livestock—can it be termed as military warfare? The Charlie Company of the 11th Brigade, American Division, landed in the village with the express intent to kill. The Officers had their own reasons, and they considered it as a retaliatory action. Firstly the area was a stronghold of Viet

Interpersonal Communication Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 2

Interpersonal Communication - Term Paper Example An understanding of interpersonal relationships is an essential element in developing good interpersonal relationships. Individuals indulge in different levels of interpersonal relationship that depends upon the person with whom they indulge into interaction. This interpersonal communication can be done both with the use of direct and indirect mediums like face to face interaction, or computer mediated interaction. For ensuring a successful interpersonal interaction, it is important the sender and receiver of the message interpret and understand the message with an adequate level of meaning and its implications. Although interpersonal communication provides communication between two or more people, it also plays an important role in maintaining the communication between two people who are in a relationship and it is said to be the basis of every interpersonal relationship. There are various principles that define the ways in which interpersonal communication is conducted effectively. One of the principles implies that interpersonal communication is inescapable. It says that even if two people do not want to communicate, this attempt of not communicating generates communication is established between them (Deams, 2007). Another principle says that interpersonal communication is irreversible, as whatever has been said cannot be taken back. It is said in a Russian proverb that once a word goes out of the mouth, you can never swallow it again. Another principle says that interpersonal communication is complicated as there is no form of communication that is simple. There are number of variables that are involved in establishing an effective interpersonal communication. It has been observed by the theorists that whenever communication is initiated there are six people who are involved: the person who initiates the communication, the person who is the receiver of the information, the thinking of the