Total Quality Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words - 1

Complete Quality Management - Essay Example Different methods of enhancements that can prompt its prosperity and advancement of the organization in a progressively all encompassing manner has likewise been examined in this investigation. Absolute Quality Management (TQM) at Toyota Japanese associations were the first to embrace quality administration standards during the mid 1950s (Ho, 2011, p. 12). The essential ideas driving TQM which incorporate strategies like Just-in-Time (JIT) and jidoka which means in-station quality were not initially evolved by Toyota. Anyway the creation followed by Toyota are generally examined and followed by numerous associations working their organizations around the world. Kaizen or ceaseless quality structures the premise of Toyota Production System (TPS). Kaizen is seen as upheld at pretty much every degrees of the organization. It helps in expanding the dedication levels of the representatives of the association, in this way helping it to decrease its expenses and increment in its exhibition levels. The complete quality administration framework followed by Toyota is usually known as Toyota Production System (TPS). ... The association needs to have a top-down methodology towards actualizing TQM to have any sort of significant impacts creating out of it. Thus the TQM system should be started by the top administration of the association and from that point it would permeate down to all the administration levels of the association. 2) The Scope: The extent of TQM inside an association isn't restricted to specific individuals or divisions. To actualize TQM in the hierarchical framework it is important to include every single individual working for the organization and it likewise needs to incorporate all the business forms carried on inside the association. There must be some pre-characterized objectives or destinations of the association and every one of the branches of the organization would be cooperating for the satisfaction of the objectives of the association in general. 3) The Scale: Each and every individual working for an association are intended to have a few duties at the individual levels f or the improvement and support of nature of the items or administrations offered by the organization and guaranteeing the fulfillment of its clients. Alongside the outside clients related with a business association, the interior clients who are for the most part the representatives of the association are additionally required to be happy with the workplace inside the organization. Legitimate correspondence levels and cooperation must be guaranteed through purposeful endeavors by all the inside clients of the association. 4) The Philosophy: The way of thinking behind the idea of TQM is that it doesn't focus on recognition of any sorts of deformities or blunders yet is focused on the counteraction of event of such imperfections or mistakes. Henceforth in

The Understanding Of Health And Social Care Social Work Essay

The Understanding Of Health And Social Care Social Work Essay It is troublesome that to depict and comprehend the estimation of care since estimation of care has exceptionally tight as far as the all the parts of wellbeing and social consideration. Care esteem characterizes the standards, standards, guidelines, and rules that each carer needs to follow during their administrations to their customers. The qualities assume prevailing job as far as impacting the carer on the grounds that it managed dynamic action and pragmatic activities with them. It have to know the qualities, morals and rights. It additionally need to know the age, sex, capacity, ethnicity, and identitys of carer. It is additionally significant that to know the impact of the training to carer. It is likewise significant that to realize the connection among qualities and government strategy that can influence society. It likewise need to taking a gander at the how the qualities influencing people live as far as their own lives. The estimation of care is likewise significant for an association. There are sure standards which can be consider to upgrade the nature of care. These standards incorporates, the counter segregation practice must be advances, the data must be benevolence in nature and furthermore same time upkeep is additionally significant. The opportunity of individuals regarding their correct which likewise ought to be freedom, of their decision, security, and with all these should advance and supporting simultaneously. The people individual convictions and their personalities ought to be recognize. The security of individuals is additionally significant in occasion of misuse. The relational abilities of individual and the connections between administration clients and carer is likewise significant, it ought to give in viable way. The individualized consideration is as much significant as to give them care as far as qualities. On the off chance that there should any infringement happens regarding care esteem, there ought to be a chance of the exc usals and furthermore sued of laws. It at times association ought to be endured a great deal and it ought to be close. The above are likewise conceivable when there is an infringement in implicit rules. The consideration esteems are prevailing as it considers customers desire from their wellbeing and social consideration administrations. The beneath are sure focuses which need to considers for improvement of nature of care. Clinical administration Association should be increasingly responsive as they presents with formal structures to the customers. Association must be managed different viewpoints, for example, adheres to national guidelines system. Association needs to convey top notch administrations for excellency of the association. The responsibility is requires from the all levels in association to offer cognizant types of assistance to the customers. It is the significant perspectives to upgrading the nature of care. Change Management Change the board is significant viewpoints as the subject of upgrading the nature of care. The attendants or care are distinctive at level of their works, so change the executives of that can be significant viewpoints to upgrading nature of care. Change the board ought to be do with the achievement and disappointments of people in association. It is the significant perspectives to upgrading the nature of care. Observing The three methodologies of assessment of nature of care is significant and it should be screen. These three methodologies are basic appraisal, care procedures and care results. The examining is significant part which serves to associations to recognizing the issues and building up the arrangement. It is a beneficial procedures to improve the nature of care. Care Standards There are sure measures which should be satisfy and keep up at the hour of serving the work. The intercessions and medicines ought to be make with the correct direction. These measures must be make with exploration and development. Association needs to empower the imaginative practice inside structure of measures. The nature of care ought to be upgrade by keeping up and advancing the consideration measures. Proficient Qualities Proficient people needs to improve their abilities. Simultaneously, they must be work reliably and sensibly with performing multiple tasks capacities. It essential for an association to take occasionally review on the aptitudes and capability of the people. It gives the itemized data that where the people absence of abilities and how to be improve it, as it were what kind of preparing require to the person. It is the significant perspectives to improving the nature of care. Issues identified with quality The issues, for example, poor release arranging, absence of inclusion in care, absence of aptitudes, poor comprehension of the requirements of customers, amateurish conduct, poor principles of care and the issue of imbalance appropriation to mind should be address. These issues are significant and the mastery power needs to discover the answer for defeat from such issues. It is the significant angles to upgrading the nature of care. Arrangements There ought to be an arrangements for the quality issues to managed inside the association. Approaches should be outline, keep up and actualize occasionally inside the association. It is the significant angles to upgrading the nature of care. End: Individual doesn't have to go past their obligations and duties to upgrade the nature of care. Clinical administration furnishes us with a system to start changing consideration quality. Change the board is significant for upgrading the nature of care. Individual must be deal with the measures of care at the hour of playing out their obligations. Individual must be create and improve their aptitudes to upgrade the nature of care. Assess the necessities of three gatherings of administration clients and the consideration that can be given to them in wellbeing and social consideration in Britain, including the particular jobs of care colleagues and social specialists in each gathering. Presentation Wellbeing and social consideration is an enormous help circle encountering a quick change. With each difference in government the significance to wellbeing and social consideration administrations has been revised. Needs to wellbeing and social administrations are rising. With fast change there comes a vulnerability, the main purpose for this is commonly individuals in their lives needs a guardian in one structure or the other at home, or at clinics at the hour of medical procedure. Wellbeing and Social consideration is where somebody deals with an individual who has a unique need. An individual in uncommon need would be a kid, a young people, it might be an individual who is encountering physical inabilities, a slow-witted individual. This is a calling given to convey a quality consideration and backing to an individual or a gathering of individuals where the requirements have been inspected and recognized too. This can be officially clarified as a calling provide care, support, cov er, hero for a reliant individual. This is applied and made in real life after an incredible examination and investigating the need and the uncommon consideration that the reliant individual needs. This Health and social consideration administration is accessible everywhere throughout the world anyway they are referred to by some various wonders as the district varies. For instance in Europe Health and social consideration is referred to as Social instructional method where as in U.K. its called as youngster and youthful consideration the equivalent is brought in Canada. Scene long time the individuals are served from a medicinal services association, and it has been quite a while where truly tested individuals or intellectually hindered individuals depend upon sources, for example, wellbeing and social consideration associations. After a legitimate assessment on the need of the ward an aftereffect care is given. Tragically these circumstances are additionally looked by individuals who are barren or are not regenerative, significantly in the wake of getting by for the entire life they dont have any one in their lives to take care for them. The wards are commonly separated under three significant gatherings which are missioned as follows. Youngsters or Juveniles Individuals who are more seasoned Individuals who are Physically tested or Mentally impeded Wellbeing and social consideration laborers have loads of liabilities on them for the customer when they embrace a patient; it implies they have taken the obligations of the customer and their security. Such an associations are developing everywhere throughout the world and are upheld at a lot by the legislature. A representative before being designated in such association experiences from a wide scope of capability and degrees. Meaning of Needs: Needs alludes as positive,â motivatingâ hunger that compelsâ actionâ for itsâ satisfaction. Needsâ rangeâ from fundamental endurance needs (commonâ to every individual) fulfilled byâ necessities, to social, scholarly, and social needs (shifting here and there and ageâ groupâ to age gathering) fulfilled byâ necessaries. Needs are limited however, in contrast,â wantsâ (which spring from wants or wishes) are unfathomable. http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/need.html Above all else, We need to comprehend what are the requirements. According to all encompassing methodology, the necessities are, for example, social, social, passionate, scholarly, profound and physical. According to administrations and assets, the requirements are, for example, versatility, home consideration, social consideration, nursing and clinical. According to well known therapist Abram Maslows chain of importance of necessities, are self-actualisation, regard needs, assets and love needs, wellbeing needs, and mental needs. Abram Maslows chain of command of necessities graph. Needs and Wants Care colleagues and social consideration laborers needs to comprehend what is their needs and needs. Care collaborators and social consideration laborers need to recognize the distinction among necessities and needs. Needs and Wants of care collaborators and social consideration laborers should be asses to comprehension for the assessor inside the association. Difficulties for Health and Social Care A Health and social consideration association is a difficult and a respecting as a calling which expects to offer support to the destitute ones. It additionally gives security and haven to the wards. The wellbeing and soci

Significant Historical Egyptian Pharaohs

Question: Depict about the Significant Historical Egyptian Pharaohs. Answer: Presentation Tutankhamun (initially Tutankhaten, which means the living picture of Aten) was apparently the most popular of the Egyptian pharaohs. Disclosure of his unblemished tomb uncovered critical chronicled data and simultaneously left a few riddles untold. Tutankhamun (a.k.a. Lord Tut) child of Akhenaten (a.k.a. Amenhotep IV) was the twelfth King of the eighteenth Egyptian line whose rule was around between 1332 to 1323 BCE. It was not the rule that enchanted the history specialists but rather the secrets encompassing his time and his life. This report plans to investigate the revelation of King Tuts tomb, his rule lastly the riddle encompassing his demise. Disclosure of the tomb English Archeologist Howard Carter began exhuming the Egyptian soils in the year 1891. At last, in November 1922 alongside his kindred paleologist George Herbert he found the tomb of Tutankhamun (Hawass, 2013). Shockingly a tomb that was concealed away for over 3200 years was found practically flawless. Alongside the numerous discoveries inside the different offices of the tomb, the most intriguing finding was in fact the regal mummy of King Tut encased in the stone coffin containing three final resting places, the deepest one being made of gold which held the mummy of the late Pharaoh (Carter Mace, 2010). Throughout the following numerous years after this disclosure, the tomb was analyzed for different discoveries that could uncover a picture of the contemporary occasions in Egypt. It appears that the early demise of King Tut made it inescapable for the Egyptians for a hurried internment in a littler tomb and fixed it off with no further documentation of his deeds during his rule. T his was a significant the motivation behind why he was for all intents and purposes obscure to the history specialists till 1920s.Controversies with respect to the youthful Pharaohs demise despite everything exist while Historians contend upon various assessments and convictions. Early Life The kid lord of Egypt was the child of a ground-breaking ruler Ahkenaten yet the character of his mom is as yet obscure in light of the fact that the early Egyptians had an act of wedding their own kin and subsequently DNA checks couldn't effectively anticipate the exact ancestry. Akhenaten illegal polytheism and advanced the love of one god for example Aten (Sun circle) (Silverman, Wegner, 2006). He used to raise Aten above different divine beings. By the decision guideline of Akhenaten, it seems that he expected to decrease the authority of clerics and move the monetary situation from sanctuary based economy to another system run by military administrators. As Akhenaten accepted and venerated one god just, the populace was additionally compelled to adore Aten (sun plate) just that tossed the general public in absolute bedlam. In the wake of ruling for a long time, Akhenaten was most likely compelled to surrender the seat and he passed on before long. Following the death of Akhenate n, his 9-year-old child Tutankhamun took intensity of the Egyptian line and at exactly the same year he wedded Ankhesenamun, offspring of Akhenaten and Nefertiti(Burton Allen, 2006). It is accepted that the couple had two kids who were stillborn. Rule of Tutankhamun With the end of Pharaoh Amenhotep IV, Tutankhaten accepted the seat at an extremely youthful age of eight or nine. It is accepted that from the get-go in his rule ruler Tut had chosen to turn towards the old Egyptian strict ceremonies and practices, which were stifled and relinquished by his dad. It was as of now that he rechristened himself as Tutankhamun and his better half became Ankhsenamun and the court left Amarna while the ruler and his sovereign looked for their living arrangement at Thebes and Memphis (Hankey, 2007). This move towards Polytheism from Monotheism happens to be one of the most important changes in King Tuts fleeting rule. The setting of this rebuilding can be all around clarified by the conviction that was winning among the Egyptians around then. It was accepted that the Gods had quit tuning in to the supplications of the individuals as the faction of the Gods had been canceled and their sanctuaries were deserted. Tutankhamun professed to have reestablished har mony and to have acquired the perfect of maat, or Universal Harmony. Despite the fact that circumstances identifying with strict parts of Egypt were reestablished, issues persevered in Egypt inside the military and their effectiveness was to be addressed. This was a consequence of Akhenatens carelessness towards preparing and preparing his military powers. It was at that point, when Egypt lost a couple of its states as the military drove by Commander Horemheb bombed more than once against the forceful Hitties who were picking up power. It is apparent that Tutankhamun at his young age needed to take up the overwhelming undertaking of restoring a whole domain, which was crushed by his dad. To our best of information it is accepted that he put forth a valiant effort so as to return Egypt to its way of wonder. Disease and Death Students of history and Scientists propose that Tutankhamun kicked the bucket of ailment as a result of the way that the hereditary investigation of DNA got from his body, uncovered that he experienced hereditary lacks and that his folks were kin. In actuality, teacher Albert Zink (Head, Institute for Mummies and Iceman, Italy) expresses that he is genuinely certain that the youthful pharaoh was not killed or didn't kick the bucket because of a chariot mishap which is accepted by the greater part of the researchers and history specialists (Harer, 2007). A virtual dissection of his body was completed that included 2000 sweeps. In any case, the consequences of the dissection demonstrated that the youthful pharaoh had halfway clubbed foot and accordingly, his capacity to ride a chariot was outlandish. Post-mortem examination results affirm that King Tuts passing was no doubt a direct result of his debilitated state because of hereditary impedances acquired from his folks (Doherty, 2013) . Then again, King Tut likewise experienced intestinal sickness which might be a reason for his passing. So until further research it is difficult to close about the specific reason for his passing. End The reign of Tutankhamun doesn't hold a lot of significance throughout the entire existence of old Egypt and its recovery from its hopeless and tumultuous state in the post Amenhotep IV period, because of the limited ability to focus which lord Tut had involved the seat. In any case, the revelation of his tomb in an unblemished state has helped answer numerous inquiries that encompasses the contemporary time of Tutankhamuns rule. From 1922 until date, researchers and students of history are continually looking at Tutankhamuns tomb to get an away from of the period. References Burton, H., Allen, J. P. (2006).Tutankhamun's tomb: the adventure of revelation. Metropolitan Museum of Art. Carter, H., Mace, A. C. (2010).The tomb of Tut-Ankh-Amen: found by the late Earl of Carnarvon and Howard Carter(Vol. 2). Cambridge University Press. Doherty, P. (2013).The strange demise of Tutankhamun. Hachette UK. Hankey, J. (2007).A Passion for Egypt: Arthur Weigall, Tutankhamun and the'Curse of the Pharaohs'. TaurisParke Paperbacks. Harer, W. B. (2007). Chariots, ponies or hippos: what murdered Tutankhamun. Hawass, Z. (2013).Discovering Tutankhamun.American University Press in Cairo. Silverman, D. P., Wegner, J. W., Wegner, J. H. (2006).Akhenaten and Tutankhamun: upheaval and rebuilding. UPenn Museum of Archeology.

How I became a Nurse Essay

Have you at any point considered turning into a medical attendant? Growing up, turning into a medical attendant had never entered my thoughts. I didn’t grow up around any individual who worked in the nursing field nor was I used to being in and out of medical clinics; regardless of whether it be for me or in view of family. Despite the fact that I wasn’t around numerous medical caretakers or had a lot of understanding, I knew at once or another I would be an enormous part in changing the lives of others. Despite the fact that I haven’t constantly needed to be a medical attendant, helping other people has unquestionably been an enormous need in my life. It never happened to me that being an attendant would offer me the chance to help other people until the finish of my sophomore year in secondary school. That is the point at which I chose a profession in nursing would be ideal for me. All through my initial two years of secondary school, I took class after class a bout where I would go to school and what my major would be. To start with I thought my choice was made and I knew precisely what my arrangement would have been. I would have been a Cosmetologist. From the time I was little I was continually playing with hair and I recently realized that was what I would do as a lifelong one day. In any case, it appeared that God had an alternate arrangement for me. At my secondary school understudies were given the decision to take 2 electives. Regardless of whether it was ensemble, craftsmanship, child rearing, band, or an unknown dialect the choice was eventually up to the understudy. My sophomore year I chose to take the child rearing class as one of my electives. This class was the sort that understudies accepted would be a simple evaluation and would not be a top need. Much to my dismay this course would be the one to conclude my choice about existence after secondary school and massively affect my life. All through the class I viewed numerous recordings and needed to finish extends on what it resembles to be pregnant and all the things that accompany having a kid. I will always remember the last undertaking that was doled out to the cla ss. Every understudy in the class was alloted an automated infant to think about through the span of an end of the week. We needed to watch this infant and care for it as though it were our own special. There were an assortment of keys that accompanied the infant and every one had an explanation with regards to why the child may be crying. Thus, asâ the â€Å"parent† of this infant, when the individual began to cry we needed to decide if it was ravenous, required a diaper change, burped etcetera. This was an incredibly troublesome end of the week for me, however considerably after the entirety of the crying and remaining up throughout the night, I appreciated the undertaking. Notwithstanding thinking about the electronic child, we needed to wear a pregnant tummy suit for a day. This paunch suit was intended to assist understudies with encountering the sentiment of a full term pregnancy. While wearing this suit I encountered a couple of things that a genuine pregnant lady would feel. There was a 30 pound weight increase, fetal developments, brevity of breath, bladder weight and recurrence of pee. Despite the fact that I just needed to wear the tummy suit for a day, I felt tha t it was an awesome encounter and I had the option to get a comprehension of what it resembles to be pregnant. Both of these activities showed me a ton about thinking about a newborn child and the significance of good child rearing abilities. I was additionally captivated by the clinical parts of work and conveyance and I started to think about the chance of turning into a medical attendant. All through the numerous long stretches of this class I had various talks with my loved ones and before the finish of the course I knew my vocation way had changed. I needed to be a medical caretaker. During my residual time in secondary school I started to concentrate more on classes that would be an advantage for assisting my instruction in the human services field. My direction instructor additionally worked intimately with me to investigate every one of my alternatives in the nursing field. After much idea, I settled on my official choice to turn into a work and conveyance nurture. Toward the finish of my senior year I began my essential classes at Butler Tech to plan for the LPN program that I would at last start in January 2011. LPN school was amazingly extreme from the earliest starting point and on occasion I was prepared to s urrender. In spite of the fact that it was exceptionally troublesome, I discovered that through difficult work, determination and once in a while tears, I can achieve more than I at any point considered conceivable myself. Despite the fact that turning into a LPN was only a venturing stone to accomplishing my definitive objective, I realized it was what I expected to do. I have appreciated filling in as a LPN and I will keep on utilizing my aptitudes and information to move in the direction of turning into a work and conveyance nurture one day. In general, there have been numerous occasions throughout my life that are exceptional to me and will perpetually be a piece of who I am today. I think settling on the decision to partake in a child rearing class back in secondary school is one of the significant occasions throughout my life and is the explanation I am the place I am today. Thinking back, I understood howâ important this class truly was to me and the essentialness it had on my life. Taking this class was a primary factor of why I turned into a medical attendant and I may not be the place I am today on the off chance that I had not partaken in it. I am exceptionally thankful I took the class, an d I will always remember the effect it had on my life.

Common Good of Utmost Importance Samples †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Talk about the Common Good of Utmost Importance. Answer: I accept that doing normal great to the individuals of the general public is of most extreme significance and it ought to be done to accomplish the best picture for the callings. The benefit of all should be possible to the individuals and this is one of the mutual obligations regarding the individuals. I feel that the people were sent to this world to do the benefit of everyone as it were. The benefit of all of the general public should be possible by executing the mutual duty of the others inside the general public. This must be reflected by their calling. This calling must guarantee the wellbeing of the individuals. I have picked the nursing calling to do this paper since all the professionals in nursing must be wary. The general public is conscious for this calling also. On the off chance that all the attendants complete their duties p[roperly, the world would be a protected and serene spot. By and large it has been seen that the medical attendants overlook their duties and numerous undesirable things happens hence. I accept that the essential obligation of the medical caretakers is to make sure about the patient security and the lesser attendants ought to be spurred by the seniors. This is the essential duty of the medical attendants. I accept that the individuals who are experiencing dangerous ailments should be upheld intellectually. The obligation of the attendants is to give the required clinical and mental help. The senior medical caretakers should assume up the liability of directing the youngsters for the vocation achievement. The prime focal point of this calling is to guarantee the benefit of everyone of the people through the common duty. On the off chance that the administration characteristics of the medical attendants are not appropriate, there will be a colossal confusion in their profession advancement possibilities. On the off chance that the medical attendants don't play out their duties at the fullest, the emergency clinics will feel that effect and they won't have the option to give the excellent administrations to their patients. The expert mentality is especially required from the medical attendants. I had encountered such sort of a thing when I was conceded in an emergency clinic for a medical procedure and I saw that a senior attendant was carrying on discourteously and severely with a patient. Afterward, I comprehended that it was because of exhaust that she couldn't deal with that work weight and she lost her control. The relational connection between the attendants ought to be especially powerful that it should constantly positive outcomes. This quality is mirrored each time as they speak with different medical attendants, patients families and the specialists of the emergency clinic. On the off chance that the awful conduct of the attendants keeps on being clear in the calling, their great notoriety may be pivoted by this. I accept that the human pride is put at a genuine condition when the regard in the calling moves way. As the principle maxim of this calling is serve the people, it is essential to cause a thought regarding how this to can be clearly avoided any of the acts of neglect. The pride of this calling must be kept up. The nursing morals ought to be obeyed by the medical caretakers as this is their obligation to keep their notoriety alive. This is the reason the medical attendants need to focus on their work appropriately. It is a disturbing issue that the quantity of medical attendants is diminishing gravely and nothing has been done to stop it. This can transform into a tremendous issue in the coming years. The proportion between the patients and attendants should be kept at a point where the patients can get suitable consideration from the medical attendants. On the off chance that they don't play out their errands appropriately, they will be at a hazard since the lives of the individuals are related with their work. On the off chance that any untrustworthy things are submitted by the medical attendants, their picture will go down and this can't go on without serious consequences. The administration needs to enlist more attendants so it will be viable for them to control the different issues that are connected with the benefit of everyone of the general public. The relational relationship aptitudes would be seriously influenced as the absence of relational abilities between them would be uncovered. I additionally feel that as a piece of their common duty, they ought to be extremely cautious while they ought to likewise hope to keep the emergency clinics spotless and clean constantly and liberated from germs. Some new alluring courses ought to be presented with the goal that this calling can be made extremely worthwhile for them. Shared re gard between the attendants and patients will assist them with performing the benefit of all for the general public. References Barker, A.M., 2012.Advanced work on nursing. Jones Bartlett Publishers. Butts, J.B. also, Rich, K.L., 2012.Nursing morals. Jones Bartlett Publishers. Henderson, A., Cooke, M., Creedy, D.K. also, Walker, R., 2012. Nursing understudies' view of learning by and by situations: a review.Nurse training today,32(3), pp.299-302. Nieswiadomy, R.M. also, Bailey, C., 2017.Foundations of nursing research. Pearson. Shekelle, P.G., 2013. NursePatient Ratios as a Patient Safety StrategyA Systematic Review.Annals of Internal Medicine,158(5_Part_2), pp.404-409. Speroni, K.G., Fitch, T., Dawson, E., Dugan, L. also, Atherton, M., 2014. Occurrence and cost of medical attendant working environment viciousness executed by clinic patients or patient visitors.Journal of crisis nursing,40(3), pp.218-228.

The First Stage of Recovery Is Treatment Initiation

The First Stage of Recovery Is Treatment Initiation Addiction Coping and Recovery Overcoming Addiction Print Treatment Initiation - Seeking Help The First Stage of Alcohol or Drug Abuse Recovery By Buddy T facebook twitter Buddy T is an anonymous writer and founding member of the Online Al-Anon Outreach Committee with decades of experience writing about alcoholism. Learn about our editorial policy Buddy T Updated on June 24, 2019 Morsa Images/Getty Images   More in Addiction Coping and Recovery Overcoming Addiction Methods and Support Personal Stories Alcohol Use Addictive Behaviors Drug Use Nicotine Use If you have decided that you need to get help for your drinking or drug abuse problem, you have already entered the first stage of recovery by admitting that you have a problem and seeking outside help. This process -- reaching out for help and seeking some kind treatment or rehabilitation -- is known as treatment initiation. It is the first of four stages of recovery or rehab as described by the National Institute on Drug Abuse: Treatment initiationEarly abstinenceMaintenance of abstinenceAdvanced recovery Denial and Ambivalence If you are like most people who seek help for substance abuse problems, in the very early stages you probably still harbor some feelings of ambivalence about giving up your drug of choice, and you may still be in denial about the full extent of your problem. This is common for people in the early days. If you enter a professional rehab or treatment program, the first goal of the counselor or addiction treatment specialist will be to determine if you have any denial issues or ambivalent feelings. Denial Denial simply means refusing to believe the reality of your circumstances. Many people new to recovery usually have some level of denial about their addiction. Denial can take many forms, from thinking that you can still control your substance use to denying that you are really addicted. The following erroneous beliefs are typical forms of denial: Forms of Denial Believing that you are different from those real alcoholics and addicts.Thinking that you can solve your problem by cutting down rather than eliminating it completely. You may think that you can get your substance abuse back under control.Refusing to believe that a secondary drug is also a problem. For example, an alcoholic thinking that continuing to smoke pot is okay or a cocaine addict refusing to think their drinking is a problem.Believing that Alcoholics Anonymous or Narcotics Anonymous will not be helpful, because you are not like those people, because their problems are so severe.Insisting on continuing to spend time with friends who enable you by agreeing that drugs are not a problem or by using with you. Confront and Challenge Any of the above forms of denial can interfere with your recovery. The goal of professional treatment programs is to break through that denial and help you see the truth about your situation. Your counselor or caseworker may challenge and confront you in an effort to motivate you to change your mind. Your counselor may remind you of all of the negative consequences that your substance abuse has had in your life or challenge you to abstain from drinking or drugging temporarily if you believe you are not really addicted. Either way, the goal is to get you to see the truth. Ambivalence If you are in the early stages of seeking help for a substance abuse problem, you probably have some ambivalent feelings about giving up your drug of choice permanently. If you are like most alcoholics or addicts, you just cant image life without ever drinking or drugging again. Chances are you decided to seek help in the first place because you experienced some negative consequences to your drug or alcohol use. You realized you needed help, but quitting completely for the rest of your life was not what you had in mind. The following are reasons that many newcomers to recovery have feelings of ambivalence: Reasons for Ambivalence You associate your drinking or drug use with a positive emotional change.You may turn to your drug of choice as a coping strategy and you do not yet know a better coping mechanism.You may feel too weak or helpless to break the cycle of addiction.You may have entered rehab because of pressure from othersâ€"such as a spouse, boss or judgeâ€"and you are just trying to keep them happy. Getting Motivated If you decided to seek help because you experienced some negative consequences, that may have been enough motivation to get you to admit you have a problem. But it may not be enough motivation for you to solve the problem. If you have always turned to your drug of choice in times of stress, when you want to relax or when you are upset or angry, chances are you have ambivalent feelings about giving it up, unless you learn new coping skills. Encouragement and Support Your counselor, in this early stage of treatment, will try to identify your ambivalent feelings and their underlying reasons. You will probably be asked to list your goals in life and shown how much easier it will be to meet those goals if you are living clean and sober. Again, in the early stage of recovery and throughout your treatment process, the goal is to get you motivated to make positive changes in your life. Your treatment program is there to encourage and support your efforts to make those changes. Return to The Four Stages of Recovery

Defining Terms 17, 18th Amendment, Industrialization And Urbanization - 2475 Words

Defining Terms: 17, 18th Amendment, Industrialization And Urbanization (Other (Not Listed) Sample) Content: DEFINITION OF TERMS Institutional Affiliation Student’s Name Date 17th Amendment The 17th Amendment came to pass in the constitution in 1913, which established public election of United States’ senators by the general public of the state initially done by state legislatures. It was significant because it allowed for a fast turnover in the legislature and reduced corruption. 18th Amendment The 18th Amendment to the United States’ constitution approved in 1917 to prohibit liquors by declaring the making, conveyance, and trade of alcohol illegal. It is significant because it helped in developing an alcohol-free society and lessened poverty and criminal activities. Industrialization Full-scale Industrialization occurred in America when two textile manufacturers, Samuel Slater, and Francis Cabot Lowell, introduced mechanized textile manufacturing to the United States in the early 1800s. Industrialization is significant because it improved standards of living and made new and straightforward ways of completing jobs by increasing efficiency in the progressive era. Urbanization Early 20th century, American urbanization led to employment opportunity in new growing cities, technological encroachments in transportation and infrastructure, which transpired to improved standards of living. It is significant because all these advantages by far outweighed the demerits of poor living conditions and racial and religious discrimination because the encroachments that took place in that era are still in effect in the progressive era. 1908 Muller v. Oregon case Oregon endorsed a law that restricted workday for female wage earners to ten hours in plants and industries. It established a precedent in 1908 to expand the reach of state action into the realm of protective labor legislation. It is significant because it safeguards the welfare of women in the workplace. Florence Kelley Florence Kelley was a social reformer and political activist who defended the rights of working women and children. Her efforts contributed significantly to the creation of the 1912 U.S children’s Bureau. It is significant because, from 1912, the U.S. federal agency oversees and maintains national standards of children’s welfare. National Consumers League Throughout the late 19th century’s Progressive Era, social justice movements arose to safeguard the interests and promote justice for workers, where the National Consumers League was chartered in 1899. They achieved many social reforms in communities and workplaces across the country. It is significant because the NCL exposed child labor and other scandalous working conditions during the early 1900s. Schenk v. U.S case The U.S Supreme Court ruled the Schenck V. U.S case in 1919 that the freedom of speech protection afforded in the U.S Constitution's First Amendment could be restricted if the words spoken posed a present danger to society. It is significant because it was the first time the Supreme Court ruled directly on the extent to which the U.S government would limit freedom of speech. March 3rd: Zimmerman Telegram This was a note decoded by British that was from Arthur Zimmerman, German’s foreign secretary. It promised Mexico that it would help them recover New Mexico, Texas and Arizona if they became German allies. It is significant as it gave the U.S Intel on possible attacks by Germany. It made the United States formally entered the First World War. Treaty of Portsmouth Signed in the U.S steered the termination of the Russo-Japanese war. It is significant because it confirmed Japan’s emergence as the preeminent power in Korea. It also forced Russia to abandon the territory it had taken from them. Gentlemen’s Agreement It was an informal treaty between Japan and the USA. This meant that the United States would not impose restrictions on Japanese immigration. It is significant because it brought an immigration agreement between Japan and the United States and ended discrimination of Japanese children in schools. WW1 Initiated in Europe and went on between 1914 and 1918. The European supremacies were separated into two, the allies and the central powers. The war ultimately concluded with the downfall of the triple entente. It is significant in the current era as it has taught countries to exhaust diplomacy before using force and always know that war is unpredictable. Assertive Diplomacy Assertive diplomacy is a tactic to establish state power and posits the prestige motive behind it. It is significant as it helped in the balancing of diplomacy. Woodrow Wilson He served as the 28th  President  from 1913 to 1921 and was a member of the Democratic Party. He is significant because as president he oversaw the passage of  progressive  legislative policies unparalleled  and led the United States during World War 1. Moral Diplomacy Introduced by President Woodrow Wilson in 1912 is a system in which aid is given only to nations whose ethical philosophies are aligned to that nation. It is significant because it helped the president support countries with democratic governments and injured non-democratic countries. Espionage Act This was a federal law passed in the U.S in 1917 immediately after the United States entered into the world war. It is significant because it prohibited individuals from publishing or expressing sentiments that would inhibit the U.S. military’s determinations to defeat Germany and its associates during the progressive era. Roosevelt Corollary The  Roosevelt Corollary  was an extent of the  Monroe Doctrine by President  Theodore Roosevelt  in his  State of the Union speech 1904 after the  Venezuela Crisis of 1902–03. It is significant because it indicated that the United States would intervene in clashes between the European nations and  Latin American nations to impose legitimate claims of the European powers. Sedition Act It was an extension of the espionage act passed in 1918. It covered broader offenses notably speech and opinion. It is significant because it prohibited individuals from publishing or expressing sentiments that would inhibit the U.S. military’s determinations to defeat Germany and its associates during the progressive era. Theodore Roosevelt He became the youngest head of state in the United States after replacing McKinley who had been assassinated. He is significant because he ended the Russo-Japanese war and made America a world power. The New Freedom It was a program used by Woodrow Wilson during his successful campaign in 1912. He pledged to reinstate unrestricted opportunity for individual action and to use the power of government on behalf of social  justice  for all. It is significant because he used it against his opponent Theodore Roosevelt. William Taft He was elected as the 27th head of state of the United States between 1909 and 1913 and later became Chief Justice a position he served until a month to his death. He is significant because he implemented vigorous anti-trust legislation. He also expanded the jurisdiction of the ICC. Reform Darwinism It was a theory created by Professor Lester Frank that suggests that because human beings are intelligent, they can affect natural selection. It contrasted the idea of survival for the fittest and urged the government to make as numerous individuals as possible fit to stay alive. It is significant today as the government has put up measures to make individuals live longer. The New Nationalism The phrase new nationalism was used in a speech by Theodore Roosevelt in 1910 attempted to reconcile conservative and liberal wings of the Republican Party. It is significant because it inspired greater government regulation of the economy and promoted social welfare. Socialist Party Name of many political parties worldwide. All of these parties advocate for socialism. Most of these parties advocate for social democracy or democratic socialism. It is significant in the current era as its primary purpose is to establish a democracy that places people’s lives under their control. Industrial workers of the world They were famously known as Wobblies, was made in Chicago in the USA in 1905. It is an international labor union that incorporates industrial unionism with general unionism. It is significant because it concentrated a vast part of its organizing labors on freshly arrived refugee workers, whom other union groups ignored or discriminated. Plessy v. Ferguson This was a decision issued in the U.S Supreme Court in 1896. It advanced the controversial separate but equal doctrine. This led to the separation of use of public facilities between whites and people of color. It is significant today as it set the stage for current and future American Civil rights movements. Triple Alliance It was a secret arrangement between Italy, Germany, and Austria-Hungary. It was formed on 20th May 1882 and expired during the World War 1. It is significant today as it furthered the interests of the allied members. Triple Entente The Triple Entente was a treaty signed in 1907 between France, Great Britain, and Russia to counter the risk posed by the Triple Alliance of Italy, Germany, and Austria-Hungary. The settlement was later enhanced with alliances to Japan and Portugal. It was significant as the interests of the central powers are still met until today between those countries. Bolshevik It was a division of the Democratic Party Marxist meaning one of the majority. They won a mainstream of crucial issues in the second congress party vote hence their name. It is significant today as it has provided an answer to the famine in Russia and an end to the war. American Expeditionary Force It was the name given to American troops who were serving in Europe during the First World War. This troops took part in a significant battle, the battle of Cantigny and won. This movement was significant in shaping the current and progressive era of negotiating wages by of...

Speech On Cigarettes And Its Effect On Society - 983 Words

Cigarettes...I personally have never even so much as tried them a single time in my life. That said, i don t have a huge issue against them, and certainly not against smokers, neither collectively nor individually. again, though, I need to say that there exist a few big caveats to that statement, so perhaps I should have adorned it with an asterisk. when someone holds their cigarette out of the window of their vehicle in the middle of the summer and my vents suck the smoke in, yeah, I get a bit perturbed. You don t want that nasty smoke smell in your vehicle? Understandable. Oh, but you thought I did? How considerate you are. Pisses me off. then of course theirs the nicotine junkies, who can not/ will not pay for their child s basic†¦show more content†¦so let s see if we cant find out why it is that this particular vice, one that the most hardcore participants will typically admit is one of their greatest faults, costing them not only vast quantities of money, but years of f their life, is so alluring, and so hard to stop. we might attempt to give a very brief overview of some facts about cigarettes, and their health implications. Cigarettes, along with most readily available tobacco products, contain nicotine. Nicotine is a highly addictive drug. when a person smokes a cigarette, the nicotine enters the bloodstream, and initiates a dramatic chemical effect upon the user. perhaps the first notable effect is the stimulation of the adrenal glans, resulting in a dramatic spike in the hormone epinephrine, commonly referred to as adrenaline. This raise in epinephrine levels in turn stimulates the central nervous system to increase blood pressure, respiration, and heart rate. The compound acetylalyhyde, which is common in tobacco smoke, is suggested to synergistically enhance the effects of nicotine on the user s brain. Perhaps the most significant reason for the desire to smoke, as well as why most find it nearly impossible to quit, is the fact that nicotine increases circulating levels of dopamine, much like illicit street drugs like cocaine and heroine. A neurotransmitter , dopamine effects the

Strategic Business Value/Supply Chain Analysis Nestle Essay

Strategic Business Value/Supply Chain Analysis: Table of Contents Section 1 – Executive Summary3 Section 2 – Introduction 4 Section 3 – Nestlà © Background 5 3.1 Brief History 5 Section 4 – Literature Review – The Value Chain 6 4.1 The Value Chain 4.2 Nestle and Porter’s Value Chain6 Section 5 – Nestlà © Strategies 7 5.1 Creating Shared Value7 5.2 Sustainability8 5.3 International Competitive Advantage8 Section 6 – Nestlà © Collaborations 10 6.1 Buy/Sell Agreements 10 6.1.1 Coco Plan Collaboration10 6.1.2 Sub-Collaborations 11†¦show more content†¦These theories demonstrate ways in which businesses operate on a domestic and an international scale, with differing perspectives for simplistic and complicated value chain management. Nestle, an internationally recognised multi-national corporation (MNCs), was founded in 1866 by Henri Nestlà © in Vevey, Switzerland. Nestlà ©Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s headquarters are still located today. Today, Nestle is the worlds leading Nutrition, Health and Wellness Company. The company’s mission of Good Food, Good Life aims to provide consumers with the finest tasting, most nutritious choices of products in an extensive range of food and beverage classifications and eating occasions, from sunrise to sunset. International competition around the world has now looked to Nestle as a principal th reat, counteracting new means of innovation and productivity established and utilised by Nestle. This report will discuss Nestlà ©Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s global background as a leading brand in the food and beverage industry. The company’s vision of an effective and efficient value chain will be analysed and discuss, parallel with the strategies implemented to sustain global competitive advantage, Nestlà ©Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s enterprise value and recommendations for change to reinforce Nestlà ©Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s core values and business cultures. 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References î ¿ ¾  Executive Summary Nestle is a very large international corporation that owns and operates over 2000 brands, the company, Nestle was originally first founded by Henri Nestle in 1866. The company offers a large range of products which includesRead MoreEvaluating The Strategic Factors And Approaches Of Nestle Company1429 Words   |  6 PagesNestle Introduction The purpose of this assignment is to evaluate Nestle Company industry based on the case study and comprehend how the company develops strategic intent for their business organizations following the strategic factors and approaches. I will analyze the strategic management process as firm used to achieve strategic competitiveness. 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INDIAN INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT ROHTAK 3/17/2012 Contents Executive Summary 3 Nestlà © 4 Brief Overview 4 History 4 Main Brands 4 Nestlà ©s Popularly Positioned Products (PPP) strategy 5 Global context 5 Key facts on Popularly Positioned ProductsRead MoreThe Strategic Partnership of Ferrero Group and Dunkin Brand in the Creation of Nutella Ice Cream786 Words   |  3 PagesStrategic Partnership Of Ferrero Group And Dunkin Brands To Create Nutella Ice Cream Introduction The intent of this analysis is to evaluate how Ferrero International S.A., the producers of Nutella, and Dunkin Brands (NASDAQ: DNKN), of which Baskin Robbins is a subsidiary, can from and execute a successful strategic partnership. 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Fear of Witchcraft as Metaphor in The Crucible by Arthur...

Fear of Witchcraft as Metaphor in The Crucible The Crucible uses fear of witchcraft in the America of the 1600s as a metaphor for the fear of communism that was widespread in America in the 1950s. Arthur Miller wished to show that the attitudes and behaviour of the villagers of Salem were as irrational and ill-founded as the attitude and behaviour of the committee chaired by Senator McCarthy. Essentially Miller uses the 17th century setting to provide critical distance between the events described and the emotions that they aroused. After three hundred years everyone understands that witchcraft was never a threat to society and we can look at the way people behaved fairly sensibly. The Crucible argues that communism is†¦show more content†¦John Proctor has committed adultery, Parris is in dispute over his pay and there are numerous examples of jealousy and greed among the inhabitants. The important thing is that, at the beginning of the play, the town seems harmonious but the tensions caused by Abigail and th e girls bring completely unconnected problems to the surface. Miller seems to be suggesting here that although 50s America seemed to be at peace with itself it was just as likely to be full of sin. The way in which the witch-hunt mentality develops is well illustrated by the progress of the childrens accusations of witchcraft. At first the children only accuse people whom they know are weak within their society so that the accusations are easily accepted. However, as others observe the children pointing the finger of suspicion, they too start to accuse their neighbours of witchcraft as a way of taking revenge or for personal gain: ...if Jacobs hangs for a witch he forfeit up his property- thats law! And there is none but Putnam with the coin to buy so great a piece. Miller uses incidents like this as a way of showing, without too much risk to himself, that this is what the committee chaired by Senator McCarthy, the House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC) and the communist paranoia were doing - people were using it toShow MoreRelatedThe Crucible By Arthur Miller Essay1646 Words   |  7 Pagesplays that came from the 1950s was Arthur Miller’s The Crucible. During a time when the U.S. was worried of communism taking over, Miller released The Crucible, which helped to capture the hysteria that was occurring. The play presents itself as a metaphor for the House of Un-American Activities Committee that was created during the Cold War when communism was spreading, but Miller never actually referenced it in the play. Although Arthur Miller’s The Crucible is set in the late 1600s, it offersRead MoreMccarthyism In The Crucible1743 Words   |  7 PagesIn Arthur Miller s powerful play The Crucible, written in 1953 as a allegory an d metaphor for the McCarthy hearings on communism in America, the idea of conscience is greatly emphasized in many of the main characters. Arthur Miller wrote the play The Crucible in response to the red scare of the 1950’s, in which he was was condemned for disrespect disapproval of the United States Congress for being unsuccessful in naming numerous individuals who had attended meetings with him. In a bid to notRead MoreAnalysis Of The Crucible 1364 Words   |  6 Pages Themes A theme in The Crucible is that a society ruled by theocracy and status based on religion is bound to fall apart. Salem s strict adherence to the Christian shurch is evident in everything the citizens do. They use measures of a person s knowledge and adherence to the religion as a means of judging their character and also their status in society. They believe God [was] provoked so grandly by such a petty cause (121), which is why the jails are packed (121). If the citizen didRead MoreThe Hands Of An Angry God1627 Words   |  7 Pagesand The Crucible Essay Two coarse yet uniquely fragile societies, three hundred years apart, devoured by individual ideologies that permeated belief systems, that blinded, deafened, and muted citizens, and that ultimately led to gruesome hysteria. â€Å"Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God†, written by Jonathan Edwards in the mid-1700’s, is a sermon directed to a Puritan congregation urging with orthodox fervor for transgressors to repent. Arthur Miller wrote the allegorical play The Crucible in 1953Read MoreThe Theme Of Reputation In Arthur Millers The Crucible1059 Words   |  5 Pageslooks for to find its merit† (Lowell). The theme of reputation emerges over many events in The Crucible. It sustains many characters to misinterpret the true light in the world but reveal their anguish about how their loss of reputation will impact the effect in their lives. In the play, The Crucible, by Arthur Miller, a little town in the late 17th century, a group of Puritan girls are accused of witc hcraft, including their leader, Abigail Williams. Out of revenge and resentment, Abigail deceives theRead MoreAnalysis Of The Crucible And A Scene by Arthur Miller Essay1254 Words   |  6 PagesAnalysis Of The Crucible And A Scene by Arthur Miller The Crucible was first produced in 1953 during the McCarthy political witch-hunt. The Crucible is governed around, the corrupted degeneration of society during this sombre period. Arthur Miller saw many parallels in this period with the witch hunt in Salem, Massachusetts in 1692. Most significantly the naà ¯ve yet extremely unjust accusations, the forced confessions and ultimately the growth of such a diminutiveRead MoreThe Crucible and To Kill a Mockingbird: Compare the ways in which the two authors express THEMES of Power, Authority, Justice and Oppression.1912 Words   |  8 PagesThe Crucible is a play written by Arthur Miller in which he demonstrates the familiarities of the life he lived in the nineteen-fifties. He communicates through his work to the way people are in his society and what people were like in the seventeenth century. However, To Kill a Mockingbird is a prose, written by Harper Lee in the nineteen-sixties in which she illustrates, how racism was acceptable, and injustice was a problem in which everyone faced in the nineteen-thirties. Both of these literallyRead MoreThe Effective Use of Dramatic Devices in Millers The Crucible3571 Words   |  15 PagesThe Crucible by Arthur Miller is a famous play which was written in the early 1950’s. The Crucible is a play based upon the events in 1692, which led to the ‘Salem Witch Trialsâ€℠¢, a series of hearings before local magistrates to prosecute over 150 people accused of witchcraft. This was due to the hysteria caused by a group of girls accusing innocent people of witch craft. The play was set in Salem, Massachusetts between February 1692 and May 1693. Salem was a very isolated and puritanical communityRead MoreWhy Is the Crucible so Called Essay2321 Words   |  10 PagesHow is #8216;The Crucible#8217; appropriately titled? The word #8216;crucible#8217; is used by Arthur Miller in his play as a metaphor. The first definition of the word crucible is: a melting pot especially for metals. In the play this is first acknowledged during the first act, as we gradually piece together the information concerning the girls dancing. The #8216;kettle#8217; viewed by Reverend Parris mirrors a crucible. We are told that the girls had made a brew which contained aRead MoreFeminist Approach to Witchcraft; Case Study: Millers the Crucible6554 Words   |  27 PagesTitle: Re(dis)covering the Witches in Arthur Millers The Crucible: A Feminist Reading Author(s): Wendy Schissel Publication Details: Modern Drama 37.3 (Fall 1994): p461-473. Source: Drama Criticism. Vol. 31. Detroit: Gale. From Literature Resource Center. Document Type: Critical essay Bookmark: Bookmark this Document Full Text: COPYRIGHT 2008 Gale, Cengage Learning Title Re(dis)covering the Witches in Arthur Millers The Crucible: A Feminist Reading [(essay date fall 1994) In the following

Film Review The Bad Sleep Well - 1173 Words

Film Review – The Bad Sleep Well September 6th, 1998, Akira Kurosawa died at the age of 88 due to cause of a stroke in his home in Tokyo. He was classified as one of cinemas truly important directors. Mr. Kurosawa came across filmmaking after failing as a painter. He was seen as a domineering perfectionist. Kurosawa was noticed by dozens of directors of many generations. He had a major influence on many of them. This film resembling Hamlet, both feature a hero on a quest for revenge. Kurosawa got the idea of this film from his nephew, Mike Y. Inoue. Inoue wanted to become a scriptwriter. Inoue ended up giving up all of his scripts to his uncle, for his use. Kurosawa gave suggestions to his nephew about the scripts. Inoue spent six months rewriting the scripts for his uncle. He had them named â€Å"Bad Men’s Prosperity†. After giving the scripts back to his uncle for a final time, Kurosawa and several others reworked and wrote the scripts even more. Thus making the final versions of these scripts. In doing so, Inoue was not given screen credits in the film â€Å"The Bad Sleep Well†. The Bad Sleep Well, shows an importance of an attack on the corrupt corporate culture of this time period. Acknowledging the similarities in the plot of this film and Hamlet, it is brought to the attention that true parallels don’t surface until the middle of the film. The Bad Sleep Well happens to be the Kurosawa Production Company’s first film made. It was released January 22, 1963. Kurosawa decided onShow MoreRelatedEssay on Wall Street: Money Never Sleeps1412 Words   |  6 PagesProject B: movie response Global Financial Ethics – FIN6620 The movie response that will be covered in this essay will be on the film â€Å"Wall Street Money Never Sleeps †. It was directed by Oliver Stone, released during 2010 and is the sequel to the 1987 film â€Å"Wall Street†. The film starts with the release from jail of Michael Douglas Gordon Gekko before cutting to a rather elaborate plot involving Shia LaBeouf as the young trader with (some) scruples, whos rising in a world that just happensRead MoreFlight Movie Review Essay917 Words   |  4 PagesA well-known filmmaker Robert Zemeckis got a reputation as a state of the art filmmaker in 1985 when he directed the comedic time travel â€Å"Back to The Future† film series. He went on to make Academy Award movies such as ‘Who Framed Roger Rabbit† and â€Å"Forest Gump† (June 3, 2011). â€Å"Flight† stars a well-rounded acting veteran Denzel Washington. Washington plays a flight captain, Whip Whittaker, who is at the difficult time in his life battling drug and alcohol addiction as a flight captain. He becomesRead MoreIs the Movie Twelve Years a Slave a Good Movie of Its Genre? Essay1273 Words   |  6 PagesThe film industry has been showing many different aspects of the world we are living in. 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She sleeps in trees and hunts game. Each night, faces of the dead are broadcast into the sky. As she stays hidden, she learns that Peeta has allied himself with the Career Tributes, those tributes from the richer districts who train their entire lives forRead MoreAnalysis Of Chop Shop1366 Words   |  6 PagesChop Shop also gives viewers the impression that Ale and Izzy will be able to escape from poverty soon with just a little hard work. After Ale confronts Izzy at night while she is working as a prostitute, she runs home upset and sleeps in the bathroom. The next morning, they awaken and meet outside the garage in the morning sunlight. Ale, smiling, begins feeding pigeons. Once there’s a large crowd, Izzy stands up and smiles and goes â€Å"HEY† and they all fly away (Bahrani) . 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Is the war on terror Free Essays

The delight in comparing the historical accuracy of Arthur Miller’s play to the real events of the Salem Witch Trials and the Red Scare of the 1940s and 1950s comes from both the time at which the play was published and the historical parallels between the two times in American history. Furthermore, the play holds value as an attempt to explain unexplainable behavior and to teach lessons from the history in the hopes that they will not be repeated. It is a sad lament that the lesson remains unlearned and fifty years later we are faced with another American witch trial, this time under the name â€Å"War on Terror. We will write a custom essay sample on Is the war on terror or any similar topic only for you Order Now † In short summation, â€Å"The Crucible† is a play ostensibly about the Salem Witch trials. In it, a preacher’s daughter falls ill after dancing in the woods with a slave and some of the other village teen agers. Her father calls in assistance from more world church investigators to find the root of the witchcraft that has left his daughter ill. After he threatens to whip the slave to death, she confesses to witchcraft and seeks to take blame away from herself by pointing the finger at other Salem citizens. Eventually, the finger is pointed at a married woman, Elizabeth Proctor, by her former maid Abigail who had been having an affair with the woman’s husband John. Her accusations are at first doubted because John admits to the affair and shows that Abigail is attempting to tarnish his wife’s reputation or indeed mess up his life, but Elizabeth, thinking she is protecting her husband, refuses to admit to knowing about the affair. She is eventually found guilty of witchcraft and spared the gallows because she is pregnant, but in the same misguided desire to spare herself more torment, accuses under questioning that her husband is also a witch. At the end of the play, John Proctor is being led to the gallows for his crime. Is any of this real? Yes. Elizabeth Proctor was given a stay of execution because she was pregnant and most of her family was executed during the Salem Witch Trials (Burns, 1). The pastor’s slave, a Caribbean Indian woman named Tituba was among the first accused and pointed the finger at her owner’s daughter and others in the community, but there is no historical evidence that John Proctor had an affair and the real Abigail was an 11 year old girl at the time of the trials (Burns, 1). So why did Arthur Miller chose to make it all up? Possibly to give reason to the unreasonable. Though the witch hunts in Salem lasted a relatively short period of time, they left an indelible mark on American history, a time when man turned against his wife and children and neighbors to avoid being killed. Miller, a victim of Joseph McCarthy’s â€Å"Red Scare’, understood the premise all too well. The origins of the Red scare are much easier to trace than the origin of the Salem Witch Hunts, but Miller clearly could see the parallels between the two. In a speech in Wheeling, West Virginia, in February, 1950, McCarthy made clear where his venom and hatred came from. â€Å"Five years after a world war has been won, men’s hearts should anticipate a long peace—and men’s minds should be free from the heavy weight that comes with war. But this is not such a period—for this is not a period of peace. This is a time of â€Å"the cold war.† This is a time when all the world is split into two vast, increasingly hostile armed camps—a time of a great armament race. â€Å"(â€Å"Enemies from Within†, 1). There is a term used in sociology to reflect the behavior, called identifying the â€Å"other†. The other is a person unlike ourselves who has some characteristic that makes them a threat to society as we know it. In the witch trials, it was witches. During the Red Scare, it was Communists. Today, it is anyone who appears Arabic or studies Islam and can therefore be deemed likely to be a terrorist.   Not having learned the lessons of history or of literature, after September 11, 2001, Americans were terrified and they turned to a new witch hunt, this time with the witches semi-identifiable by race. Too bad that you can tell an Arab-American who has lived her forever, or an Afghani refugee, or simply a hard-working Middle Easterner who has never considered the way of Al Qaida just by looking at them. Instead, we demonize a race and lock people up in Cuba at Guantanamo Naval Base on the suspicion that they might have knowledge about someone or something that might want to hurt us. The Patriot Act makes it an offense just to know people who might be associated with terrorism and encourages people to rat out their friends, with the same kind of threats that the preacher used on his slave Tituba. But this is not the first witch hunt since McCarthyism and is probably not the last. In fact, in many ways, Miller may have contributed to one of his own in the writing of â€Å"The Crucible†. In 1950s northern America, Communists were the enemy, but in the South, it was the uppity African-American wanting rights that he had been granted but not given after the Civil War. By making Tituba a Negro slave and implying that she practiced some form of voodoo, Miller may have contributed to this anti-African-American attitude (Hansen, 3).   By the 1970s, the witch hunt was against the American military and specifically those who had served in Vietnam, in the 1980s Reagan-era; it was those darned Communists again. The 1990s brought on a witch hunt in the Catholic Church, where suddenly every priest was assumed to be a pedophile and in 2001, Al Qaida made themselves into the witches of the new millennia.   At Guantanamo Bay, McCarthy’s famous question, â€Å"Are you now, or have you ever been, a member of the Communist Party?† (Popkin, 139) has been revised. The quest now is to find the next threat to Americans and the next unidentified witch. Works Cited Burns, Margo. â€Å"Arthur Miller’s The Crucible: Fact Fiction (Or Picky, Picky, Picky†¦) October 24, 2003. http://www.17thc.us/docs/fact-fiction.shtml, November 17, 2007. McCarthy, Joseph R. â€Å"Enemies from Within†, February 9, 1950. http://historymatters.gmu.edu/d/6456, November 17, 2007. Popkin, Henry. â€Å"Arthur Miller’s ‘The Crucible’†.College English Vol. 26, No. 2 (Nov., 1964), pp. 139-146   Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/373665?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents, November 17, 2007. How to cite Is the war on terror, Essay examples

BT PLC and Vodafone PLC Telecommunication Companies - Sample Solution

Question: Choose two of the UKS Top three Telecoms companies from the list provided (Vodafone, BT Group BSKYB) and download the companies annual reports from the following links: BT Group PLC Vodafone PLC Produce the 2013, 2014 and 2015 ratio table for the companies you have chosen from the list above (Profitability, Liquidity and Efficiency ratios as performed in class.) Based on these ratios and any other additional information available from the annual reports, compile a report comparing the performance of the companies selected. Answer: Introduction BT PLC and Vodafone PLC both are telecommunication companies listed in FTSE 100 sector of mobile telecommunications. The former is the leader in the market and the other is having the scope to grow. Both have their own set of opportunities and threats. One is good in something and the other in something else. Vodafone after the demerger with Verizon was left with good amount of cash due to which its valuations is difficult, but with dividend factor it is solved. BT group has not merged or demerged itself but is into broadening the business in the new segments. Its earnings are backed by its huge amount of profits. It is already working in the sectors of phone, IT services and the broadband and also pay-tv. Comparison of performance of BT group plc and Vodafone group plc Financial ratios are used to assess how a company is performing. It is used to read and know the health of the enterprise. They are beneficial for all the users of the financial statements as it gives the information how well the company is doing. Other than these there are other factors which are used to calculate performance. BT PLC Debt - It is not uncommon for these companies to take loan for expansion of business, or covering the costs as the cost to build it is usually very high. The debt taken by this company is very high. The net debt shows decrease and also the interest coverage of this company is quite good. Dividend - The Company has shown increase of 469p in the last 12 months period which is merely a 6% increase. But, it can be seen that the dividends with this enterprise has been over 158% of increase, the shareholders are all in a goody position. The dividends have been of great amount for shareholders, which show the safe point of view for them. The increase is a result of long term hard work and determination. BT Group PLC The Increase in EPS is also an indicator of a good performance of the enterprise. With 31.5p in 2015 from 28.2 p in 2014 showing 12% increase is a good indicator. However, the value of shares increment is an indicator of the growth. It is to be noted, that the EPS for 2017. For year 2016 has fallen but it is expected that the growth is expected in the year to come, as the fall was temporary because of some right issues of the company. Profitability margins: Operating profit margin The ratio measure ho the company is able to cover its operating expenses and make profit. This ratio is increasing at a growth rate, showing that the company is easily meeting its operating expenses and is able to make profits. Net profit margin The ratio is increasing year on year thus making the way for much more profits left after deducting the operating and non operating expenses. This ratio is constant and the company is able to make appropriate use of its capital to generate the profits. Liquidity ratio Current ratio The standard ratio is assumed to be 2: 1. However, the ratio for the year 2015 is 0.96: 1, which is not a good ratio, as it not able to pay the short term liabilities instantly. Acid test ratio The acid test ratio is better than the current ratio, but then too, such amount is not enough to pay the short term liabilities. The ratio is not touching the standard ratio of 1: 1. Inventory turnover It shows the number of days in which an inventory is been sold efficiently. As per the ratios, the ratio was so good but in the last two years it has decreased. Asset turnover ratio This ratio is decreasing year on year basis. It means that the company is not using its assets properly. Receivable collection period It is the period in which the receivables takes to complete the payment procedure. The number of days is not very far. It is a good indicator that the goods sold are converted into cash easily. Trade collection period It is the period in which the outstanding liabilities are paid off. This period has increased at such a fast speed. It shows the incapability of the company to pay it short term debts. Vodafone Group Plc The debt for 2015 year is m 22, 435. and the interest coverage is at 1.62 times. The company does not have lower net debts to assets ratio as compared to BT group plc but it also dont have much funds as the profits are negative. The dividend given in 2015 year was 7.62p, whereas in 2014 it was 7.47p/ it has shown an increase in 2.0% increase on a year basis. The dividend is not much in value but it is showing a growth rate year on year basis. The dividends are not much covered by the earning of the company. It means that to pay dividends other sources of income is being used. EPS It has decreased from 2014 to 2015 from 223.84p to 21.75p, despite decrease in number of shares by the company through consolidation of 6 for 11 shares activated in 2014, February, there is no increase in the dividend. The condition of Vodafone is not too excelling in nature. Profitability ratios Operating profit margin The ratio is negative for the previous two years, but has shown positive results in 2015. It reflects the ability of the company that it is trying hard to cover up the expenses and make profits. Net profit margin has decreased significantly after the deduction of the operating expenses. It means that there are other indirect or non-operating expenses which are in large amount because of which even after meeting other expenses operating expenses, there is profit but the expenses are of great values. Return on capital employed was negative for previous last two years and only became positive in 2015. The company is not enough able to put its capital to use. Liquidity ratios Current assets ratio The ratio is fluctuating for the last three years. It also is not able to pay the current liabilities on a short notice. Acid test ratio This ratio has shown decrease in the last two years. It is either because of increase in current liabilities or decrease in the current assets. Efficiency ratio Inventory turnover This ratio has increased in the last three years. It shows that the products of this company are easily being sold. Assets turnover ratio It shows the efficiency of the company in using its assets to make sales or generate sales. The efficiency of the company has increased over the last few years. Receivable periods It is normal for all three years which shows the ability of the company in making a trip. Trade payable period This ratio too is appropriate as the company is at a constant rate to pay the trade payables for the year. Calculation of Ratios BT Group PLC Ratios Years 2013 2014 2015 Profitability Ratios Operating profit margin: 2,986 / 18,103 * 100 3,145 / 18,287 * 100 3,480 / 17,979 * 100 Operating income / Net sales * 100 16.49% 17.20% 19.35% Net profit margin: 1,948 / 18,103 * 100 2,018 / 18,287 * 100 2,135 / 17,979 * 100 Net profit / Total Revenue * 100 10.76% 11.04% 11.87% Return on capital employed: Net Operating profit / Employed capital * 100 2,986 / 17,275 * 100 3,145 / 17,211 * 100 3,480 / 19483 * 100 17.28% 18.27% 17.86% Liquidity ratios Current assets ratio: 4,674 / 7,604 5,706 / 7,687 7,471 / 7,708 Current Assets / current Liabilities 0.61 : 1 0.33 : 1 0.96 : 1 Acid test ratio: 4555 / 7604 4074 / 7687 5858 / 7708 Quick Assets / Current liabilities 0.59 : 1 0.53 0.76 Efficiency ratios Inventory turnover ratio Cost of goods sold / Average Inventory 12464 / 103.49 1550 / 92.48 1573 / 87.97 120.43 16.76 17.88 Receivable collection period 32.13 28.59 28.67 Trade payable period 90.61 667.83 647.39 Assets turnover ratio Net sales / Average total assets 18103 / 23820 18287 / 24862 17979 / 26044 0.76 0.74 0.69 Vodafone Group Plc Ratios Years 2013 2014 2015 Profitability Ratios Operating profit margin: (2202) / 38041 * 100 (3913) / 38346 * 100 1967 / 42227 * 100 Operating income / Net sales * 100 -5.788491365 -1.019663068 4.658157103 Net profit margin: 657 / 38041 * 100 59,420 / 38346 * 100 5917 / 42227 * 100 Net profit / Total Revenue * 100 1.727083936 154.9574923 14.01236176 Return on capital employed: (2202) / 109955 * 100 (3913) / 96801 * 100 1967 / 93676 * 100 Net Operating profit / Employed capital * 100 -2.00% -4.04% 2.09% Liquidity ratios Current assets ratio: 21649 / 28369 24722 / 25039 19847 /28897 Current Assets / current Liabilities 0.763121717 0.98733975 0.686818701 Acid test ratio: 17021 / 28369 20282/25039 16182/28897 Quick Assets / Current liabilities 0.6 0.81 0.56 Efficiency ratios Inventory turnover ratio Cost of goods sold / Average Inventory 26567 / 407 27942 / 445 30882 / 461 65.27518428 62.79101124 66.98915401 Receivable collection period 32.36 36.28 32.72 Trade payable period 52.97 59.03 57.7 Assets turnover ratio Net sales / Average total assets 38041/122713 38346 / 132227 42227 / 120648 0.31 0.29 0.35 Notes: The values taken are in m Revenue includes Gross revenue less Sales return. Operating income is derived from revenue less other operating expenses of the company. BT Group Plc 2013 = m 18,103 - m 15,155 = m 2,948 2014 = m 18,287 - m 15,142 = m 3,145 2015 = m 17,979 - m 14,499 = m 3,480 Vodafone group plc 2013 = m 38,041 - m 40,243 = (m 2,202) 2014 = m 38,346 - m 42,259 = (m 5,270) 2015 = m 42,227 - m 40,260 = m 1,967 Net Profit is Total Sales less all operating and non operating expenses and adding all direct income and indirect incomes to it. Employed capital = Total Assets Current liabilities BT Group PLC = 2013 = m 24,879 - m 7,604 = m17, 275 2014 = m24,898 - m 7,687 = m 17,211 2015 = m27,191 - m7,708 = m19,483 Vodafone Group Plc 2013 = m 138,324 - m 28,369 = m 109,995 2014 = m 121,840 - m 25,039 = m 96,801 2015 = m 122,573 - m 28,897 = m 93,676 Current Assets include all short term assets. Current liabilities include short term obligations. Quick Assets are Current Assets less Inventories and prepaid expenses. It is also calculate from adding cash and it equivalents, short term investments, short term receivables, short term marketable instruments. Cost of goods sold is the value of the costs incurred in making the product. It involves all the direct costs. Average Inventory is the opening and the closing inventory added together and divided by two. Receivable collection period and trade payable period is taken from financial ratios of the company. Average total assets are the total of total assets at the beginning and in the end of the financial period divided by two. The values for the ratios are picked from the Annual reports of the BT group PLC and Vodafone Group PLc for the years 2013, 2014 and 2015. Conclusion and Recommendation The BT group Plc is increasing the share prices, though not the dividend. It will result into more capital gain then. The profitability ratios are above average. The company is making enough profits to meet the operating or non-operating expenses. Talking about the liquidity ratios, the current asset ratio and acid test ratio are not in a good position. The standard ratio of current assets ratio is 2: 1 and 1: 1 for quick ratio. However for 2015, also the ratios are 0.96: 1 and 0.76: 1. The company is not having enough funds to pay the current liabilities on a short notice period. The efficiency ratio is also not in a good position. Only the inventory turnover ratio has got effective and changed for better. Now, the sales period of inventory is much earlier than before. Receivable period which is for receiving the debtors amount is constant and reflects the good position about the receipt of payment from debtors easily. Whereas, the trade payable period is approximately nearby two ye ars. It is because of fewer funds for payment of liabilities. The Vodafone groups shares are of less value than the BT plc and immediately sale is the good option in it. For this company the profitability ratios are not of good position. The operating profit is negative, because of which operating profit margin is also negative. It shows about how the company is not effectively able to cover all its expenses and also not able to use capital appropriately. The liquidity ratios are below the standard ratio because of less cash available and high expenses. Inventory turnover ratio is also quite good. The company doesnt take much time in selling its inventory. The receivable collection period and also the payable period are in a good position reflecting about the early receipt of payments from debtors and early payment to creditors. The asset turnover ratio is not of high value as the effective use of assets is not being done. The BT Group plc should focus on increasing he current assets and also cash, which will lead to faster payment to the trade payable. The Vodafone group plc should focus on reducing the operating and non-operating expenses in order to increase the profit and also to have control on the expenses. Additionally it should also focus on increasing the current assets. References Anon, 2016, BT Group plc, Accessed on 17th March 2016, Available at: https://financials.morningstar.com/income-statement/is.html?t=BTregion=usaculture=en-US Vodafone, 2014, Annual Report 2014, Accessed on 17th March 2016, Available at: https://www.vodafone.com/content/annualreport/annual_report14/downloads/full_annual_report_2014.pdf Vodafone, 2015, Annual report 2015, Accessed on 17th March 2015, Available at: https://www.vodafone.com/content/annualreport/annualreport15/assets/pdf/full_annual_report_2015.pdf Oscroft A, 2016, Which is best for 2016, Accessed on 17th 2016, Available at: https://www.fool.co.uk/investing/2016/02/18/which-is-best-for-2016-bt-group-plc-vodafone-group-plc-sky-plc-or-talktalk-telecom-group-plc/ Anon, 2016, Vodafone group plc, Accessed on 17th March 2016, Available at: https://financials.morningstar.com/ratios/r.html?t=VODregion=usaculture=en-US Sakya P, 2014, Vodafone or BT PLC, Accessed on 17th March 2016, Available at: https://www.fool.co.uk/investing/2014/10/23/vodafone-group-plc-vs-bt-group-plc-which-is-the-better-dividend-investment/ BT group plc, 2015, Annual return 2015, Accessed on 17th March 2016, Available at: https://www.btplc.com/Sharesandperformance/Annualreportandreview/pdf/2015_BT_Annual_Report.pdf BT group plc, 2014, Annual return 2014, Accessed on 17th March 2016, Available at: https://www.btplc.com/Sharesandperformance/Annualreportandreview/pdf/2014_BT_Annual_Report_smart.pdf BT group plc, 2013, Annual return 2013, Accessed on 17th March 2016, Available at: https://www.btplc.com/Sharesandperformance/Annualreportandreview/pdf/2013_BT_Annual_Report_smart.pdf

What Does the Research Say About How Parents Affect the Development of Children’s Personalities free essay sample

Understanding how individual personalities are shaped has yet to be fully uncovered, by modern research standards. What does the research say about how parents affect the development of children’s personalities? In answering this question, this paper addresses how much of a child’s personality is actually hard-wired by genetics and how much is influenced by parents, through bonding, attention and even neglect. The long-standing question of nature vs. urture has plagued scientists for centuries and current research is attempting to answer just how powerfully ones parents can affect ones future. In order, this paper concentrates on first the nurture aspect of personality development in children, followed by the argument for nature, to provide contrast. 4 relevant journal articles were sourced to provide adequate background on research and trends in psychological studies. As stated, let’s look first at how nurture determines a child’s personality through the evidence that parents are the cause of maladaptive behaviour. We will write a custom essay sample on What Does the Research Say About How Parents Affect the Development of Children’s Personalities? or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Hall and Geher (2003) state that â€Å"it has long been recognized that the infant-caregiver attachment is of immense importance† (as cited in Hall amp; Geher, 2003, p. 145). We know that the first year of a child’s life is essential to their development in later years. We see how crucial building secure attachments with the parents are to overall health, confidence and the growth of qualities such as empathy and motivation, as posed by Kagan (1999). Research has a lot to suggest about the effects of harsh discipline and lack of warmth from the parents. A lack of secure attachment, either through abuse, neglect or abandonment has been linked to everything from psychological abnormalities to developmental problems to violent behaviour, as introduced by Rogosch and Cicchetti (2004). These consequences can range from simply relatively disruptive such as the behaviour discussed by Brook, Brook amp; Whiteman (2000) as â€Å"the predictors of insecure and dependent behaviour include maternal child-rearing practices that hinder optimal emotional development in the child†. Studies have repeatedly shown that children admire and imitate their immediate caregivers: â€Å"By age 4 or 5 years, children believe, unconsciously, that some of the attributes of their parents are part of their own repertoire, even although this belief might have no objective basis† (as cited by Kagan, 1999, pg. 165). This can explain why children of college graduates are more inclined themselves to acquire a degree and why children of underclass families are vulnerable to shame when interacting with peers, Kagan (1999) explains. Because the positive effects of proper parenting and family structure are difficult to quantify (such as high intelligence, or more competence and confidence), according to Kagan (1999), there is less to say about the topic than the negative effects, which can be more easily identified through psychological testing and diagnosis of disorders such as RAD. Once behaviour or personality is established it is important to understand whether it is relatively stable across childhood and if the consequences of maltreatment are permanent. Longitudinal studies have been conducted which examine the consistency of a child’s personality and behaviour across a certain time-span. Rogosch amp; Cicchetti (2004) integrated a longitudinal study which found â€Å"overall, the correlations indicate considerable stability in the personality dimensions over time† (as cited in Rogosch amp; Cicchetti, 2004, pg. 136), in reference to the personality study they conducted. This suggests that once the â€Å"base† of a child’s character is created, age and experience do not alter significantly. However, evidence has been uncovered through adoption studies, explained by Kagan (1999), which has found that psychologically and emotionally impaired orphans given a loving home can actually â€Å"reverse† the effects of their harsh experiences and start life anew. Despite the success of these adopted children, further intelligence testing found they were not on par with the average child, a possible remnant of their psychological scarring. In reference to the persistence of RAD into adulthood, Hall amp; Geher (2003) state: â€Å"Many of them commit criminal acts as adults if the behavioral patterns of childhood persist into adulthood† (as cited in Hall amp; Geher, 2003, p. 145). However: â€Å"Further research regarding the antecedents, general effects, and long-term consequences of RAD is greatly needed† (as cited in Hall amp; Geher, 2003, p. 145). This means that though effects of insufficient bonds are found to be long-lasting and relatively stable across the span of childhood and adulthood, this is not to suggest that adaptive behaviours do not exist. The main issue in this argument is whether the development of personality lies completely with the parents or whether other factors, mainly biological ones, play a part in determining psychological and emotional health. It would make sense that children born with different personalities will behave differently, respond differently and take different paths in life. Therefore, it might be possible for a child born with a certain temperament to be more susceptible to problem behaviour. There is little research to determine whether children are predisposed to behaving a certain way, but the nature argument has been used for centuries s seen in Weiten amp; McCann (2007). So how much can temperament affect the forming of secure bonds and emotional attachment, things proven to contribute to healthy development? Can a child’s behaviour influence a parent’s response? Research done by Brook, Brook amp; Whiteman (2000) has found 4 different types of attachment patterns in toddlers, and 20% of children fall into the â€Å"high reactive† category in which they resist most motherly attention, and are shy and anxious, especially in unfamiliar settings or new people. Does this behaviour have an effect on how the mother reacts to the child? Does being a â€Å"high reactive† child predispose someone to being unable to form the secure attachment bonds essential to normal psychological development? Research has yet to conclude that being â€Å"high reactive† is a causative factor. Kagan (1999) introduced research that has also been conducted on ordinal position and its influence on the personalities of children. However, just because studies have shown that first-born children become valedictorians and are more likely to do better in school doesn’t mean all first-borns are hardwired to do so, or that second- and third-born children cannot achieve such things. Is the research done for child-attachment patterns accurate and reliable? Because many of the studies rely mainly on self-report and caregiver-report information. In research being done to support these claims, numerous studies have been done linking both positive and negative parenting practices to either especially adaptive or problematic behaviour. Among these are adoption research, child abuse research, animal research and child-attachment research, each of which is described and used by each of the 4 journal articles. Sufficient evidence has been found to show that parents are in fact the main contributing factor to a child’s growth and development. In the case of nature vs. nurture, it seems the evidence is on the side of nurture. It seems children’s personalities are contingent on whether their parents can exhibit warm, loving characteristics, are able to form secure attachment bonds, create a positive family environment for the child and abstain from maladaptive parenting practices such neglect and abuse.